非地形摄影测量是摄影测量的一个分支，不以测制地形图为目的，主要研究物体的形状和大小的理论和技术，可以直接运用航空摄影测量与地面摄影测量的理论，或稍加改变。
 

　　非地形摄影测量可以使用量测用摄影机(称为地面摄影机，一般认为有框标)，也可以使用普通摄影机，可以采用布设控制点的控制方式，也可以使用相对控制(除控制点外的其他控制形式，如一把尺子、坚固木材或其他材料制成的空间结构的框架，布上标志点，用普通测量方法测出这些标志点的坐标)。
 

　　非地形摄影测量的资料既可用解析法处理，也可用模拟法处理，由于这些灵活性，使得非地形摄影测量广泛应用于科学技术的各个领域和国民经济的各个部门，其中以近景摄影测量(摄影距离在300米以内)使用最普遍，而近景摄影测量在建筑、生物医学、工业方面的应用最为成熟，从而形成了建筑摄影测量、工程和工业摄影测量、生物医学与生物工程摄影测量等新的分支。
 

　　建筑摄影测量
主要指文物(历史纪念物)测量、考古测量和历史遗迹测量。
 

　　文物测量一般用于历史纪念物(如：古代建筑、桥梁、寺庙、佛塔、雕塑等)的结构和形状等方面的资料，如：平面图、截面图、等值线图、立面图、侧面图等，为珍贵的历史文物提供详尽而系统的资料，以备修复和重建提供方案。摄影时尽量采用正直摄影方式，基线与建筑物平面平行，可以用正射影像制作，当文物结构、纹理复杂时，用此法效果好；也可以用立体测图仪测制。我国对一些重点历史文物，如北京的颐和园佛香阁、秦始皇兵马俑、敦煌的莫高窟、四川的乐山大佛、苏州的白云岩寺塔、汉阳归元寺的释迦牟尼像等，都进行过文物测量。
 

　　考古测量是对考古挖掘现场及发掘物进行测量。
 

　　历史遗迹测量是指对古老城镇、居名地进行测量，主要目的是为建筑及城市规划等部门提供各类测量成果，以保护著名的古建筑、珍贵的遗迹和文物。
 

　　工程和工业摄影测量
 

　　近景摄影测量在建筑工程和机械工业等方面的应用越来越广泛，形成了工程和工业摄影测量，主要通过摄影测量提供目标物的几何特征(位置、尺寸、体积等)和运动特征(移位、变形等)。常用于质量控制(即测定产品或建筑物与设计尺寸的差异)；为设计目的提供产品的外形；结构物(如：水坝、高层建筑物、桥梁等)的变形观测等。
 

　　在工程和工业摄影测量中，可以使用非量测摄影机，但实践中，使用量测用摄影机为多数情况。由于被测对象的多样性，所处的环境、本身的尺寸和复杂度等大部相同，所以在安排摄站的位置和数量上，应考虑精度和费用的平衡。一般说来，控制点应该分布于作业范围内，有时需要对被摄物体表面进行添加人工标志、绘制或投影格网等处理，经常需要人工辅助照明，应考虑对构象质量的影响。
 

　　我国的三峡工程大量应用近景摄影测量，并获得成功。
 

　　生物医学摄影测量
 

　　摄影测量为医学界和生物界提供了一种新的测量手段，用于研究被测对象的形状、大小和形态变化，在某些方面，获得了常规手段所无法达到的效果。如在矫形外科中，人脸的外形非常复杂，并且受到微小的压力即可产生敏感的变形，用其他方法进行测量存在相当的难度，采用摄影测量的方法，能够获得较为准确的脸部外形数据和变形数据。
 

　　远在19世纪下半叶，立体摄影测量用于测量人体外形的研究已经开始，20世纪50年代后，随着摄影测量技术的发展，以及波纹摄影、全息摄影、电子显微摄影等非常规摄影技术的出现，生物立体摄影测量得到推广使用，目前已有大量的应用实例，涉及宏观和微观世界中各类生物体的外形、成长和运动测量。

Non-Topographic Photogrammetry Photogrammetry is a branch, not to the purpose of measuring system for topographic map, the main research objects, the shape and size of the theory and techniques, can be directly measured using aerial photography and ground photogrammetric theory, or a little change.


Non-topographic photogrammetry measurement can be used with the camera (called the ground the camera is generally believed that there are boxes marked), you can also use ordinary cameras can be used control points laid control mode, you can also use the relative control (other than control points other than forms of control, such as a ruler, made of solid wood or other materials, the spatial structure of the framework, cloth flags, and used common measurement methods to detect these signs point coordinates).


The non-topographic photogrammetry data analytic treatment can also be used to simulate treatment, because these flexible, allowing non-topographic photogrammetry is widely used in science and technology in various fields and sectors of national economies, of which close-range photogrammetry (photography distance of 300 meters) using the most common, while the close-range photogrammetry in the construction, bio-medical, industrial application of the most mature to form the building photogrammetry, engineering and industrial photography, bio-medicine and bio-engineering photogrammetry, and other new分支.


Architectural Photogrammetry


Mainly refers to heritage (historical monuments) measurements, archaeological and historical sites measured measurement.


Heritage measurements are generally used for historical monuments (such as: ancient buildings, bridges, temples, pagodas, sculptures, etc.) the structure and shape information, such as: floor plans, sections, contour maps, elevation, side maps, etc., for the precious cultural relics provide detailed and systematic data to prepare for rehabilitation and reconstruction programs. To make full use of photography photographic integrity approach plane parallel to the baseline and buildings can be used orthoimage production, when the heritage structure, texture complexity, the method has been applied good effect; can also use the three-dimensional mapping instrument measuring system. China on some key historical relics, such as the Summer Palace in Beijing Buddhist Court, Terracotta Warriors, Dunhuang's Mogao Grottoes, Sichuan, Leshan Giant Buddha, Suzhou, dolomite Temple, Hanyang Guiyuan Temple of Sakyamuni, like, have been Heritage Survey.


Measurement is the archaeological excavation of archaeological sites and to explore objects measured.


Measurement refers to the historical monuments ancient cities, towns, home measurements were carried out, the main purpose is for the construction and urban planning departments to provide all kinds of measurement results, in order to protect the famous ancient architecture, the precious relics and cultural heritage.


Engineering and industrial photogrammetry


Close-range photogrammetry in construction and machinery industries such as the application of more and more extensive form of engineering and industrial photogrammetry, photogrammetry provided primarily by the geometric characteristics of the target (location, size, volume, etc.) and movement features (shift , distortion, etc.). Commonly used in quality control (ie determination of the product or differences in size and design of the building); to provide products designed to shape; structures (such as: dams, high-rise buildings, bridges, etc.) deformation observations.


In engineering and industrial photography, you can use non-metric cameras, but in practice, the use of measurement to use a camera for most situations. As the diversity of the tested objects, their environment, their own size and complexity and so most of the same, so the arrangement and number of photo stops, we should consider the accuracy and cost balance. In general, control points should be located within the operating range, and sometimes need to be proactive to add artificial surface for signs, such as drawing or projection grid treatment, often need artificial auxiliary lighting, should consider the conformation of quality.


Large-scale application of China's Three Gorges Project close-range photogrammetry, and be successful.


Biomedical Photogrammetry


Photogrammetry for the medical profession and the biosphere provides a new measurement tool used to study tested the object shape, size and shape changes, in some respects, can not be obtained by conventional means to achieve results. Such as orthopedic surgery, face shape is very complex and can be produced by micro-pressure sensitive to the deformation measured in other ways there is considerable difficulty, using photogrammetric methods, able to obtain more accurate data on facial appearance and deformation data.


Far away in the second half of the 19th century, three-dimensional photogrammetry used to measure the shape of the body has already begun, the 20th century, 50 years later, with the photographic measurement technology, as well as corrugated photography, holography, electron microscopy photographs, and other non-photographic technologies, bio-three-dimensional photogrammetry been promoting the use of, there are already a large number of application examples, involving various types of macro-and micro-organisms in the world in the shape, growth and motion measurement.