Abstract This paper briefly describes the various new technologies (digital technology, global positioning technology, GPS, geographic information technology, GIS, remote sensing RS) in engineering measurement and its advantages.
Key words surveying and mapping of new technologies; engineering survey; Application and Research

I. Introduction


Traditional engineering measurement technology services include water conservancy, transportation, construction and other industries. As the economic and social progress, the modern digital technology, Global Positioning System (GPS), geographic information technologies (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and other new technologies can be applied in the engineering survey and research.


2, Engineering Survey Digital Technology


(A) Map of Digital Technology


In the establishment of a variety of GIS systems, maps of the original digital processing, database work in the building occupied a considerable amount of work, the engineering surveying and mapping departments have invested considerable human and financial resources. For existing paper maps, if the nature of their present trend, precision, and scale to meet the requirements, you can use the digitizer be entered into the computer, edited, restored generate digital maps. There are currently hand-held digital and scan vector to track two categories of equipment for large-scale topographic maps, most of the scanning software can automatically extract the vector polygon of information, efficient, convenient, and fidelity of the digital processing on the map.


(B) Digital Mapping tool


Large-scale topographic maps and engineering drawings of the surveying and mapping is an important measurement of traditional engineering, the conventional method of field mapping workload, work hard and complicated operating procedures, along with the complicated data processing and mapping within the industry, the work of mapping cycle long, a single product, it is difficult to adapt to the rapid development of the community's needs. The Digital Mapping technology has high accuracy, labor intensity is small, easily updated, easy to conservation management and applications, easy-to-release and so on. At present, the Digital Mapping technology integration within and outside the industry, and electronic tablet mode. Inside and outside the industry, integration is a method of data collection outside the industry, the main device is a total station, electronic hand-books, etc., characterized by high accuracy and a clear division of labor within and outside the industry to facilitate the allocation of staff to have a high mapping efficiency.


Third, engineering survey of the global satellite positioning technology (GPS)


GPS is the United States from the 20th century, 70 years started to develop and lasted 20 years, fully completed in 1994, with sea, land and air all-round implementation of the three-dimensional navigation and positioning capabilities of the new generation of satellite navigation and positioning system. Improvements in GPS receiver, wide area differential technology, RTK technology development, coupled with the lifting of the U.S. SA technology to make GPS technology in navigation, vehicle real-time monitoring, urban planning, engineering, surveying the field has become more widely used in .


RTK (Real Time Kinematics, RTK) GPS technology is developed on the basis, capable of real-time mobile stations in the specified coordinates in three-dimensional positioning results, and within a certain range to achieve centimeter-level accuracy of GPS positioning, a new measurement method is a major milestone in the GPS application. RTK measurements is l Taiwan GPS receiver installed on a known point on the GPS satellite observations will be collected by carrier phase measurements to a base station radio modulation carrier, and then out through the base station transmitter; mobile stations in the GPS satellite observations and collecting carrier phase measurements at the same time, also received from the base station transmitter to the signal obtained by demodulating the base station carrier phase measurements; mobile station re-use of the GPS receiver 0TF (the movement to solve the whole week fuzzy degree) technology from the base station and mobile station carrier phase measurements of carrier phase measurements to solve ambiguity, finally find the location of mobile station centimeter-level precision. RTK measurements may not laid at all levels of the control point, only a certain number of benchmarks based on control points can be high-precision, rapid determination of map root control points, boundary points, topographic point, feature point coordinates, using mapping software can be an electronic map is generated in the wild. At the same time, you can also quickly according to the results of existing data on the conduct of construction layout. Thus, RTK has been widely used in Figure Root Control measurements, cadastral, property mapping, digital mapping and construction layout, and other work.


4, Engineering Survey of Geographic Information (GIS) technology,


GIS is a computer science, space science and information science, surveying and mapping of remote sensing science, environmental science and management science disciplines, such as one of the emerging discipline. Has become a multi-disciplinary integration and applied to various areas of the base platform and the geo-spatial information displays basic means and tools. Its technological advantage lies not only in its set of geographic data acquisition and storage, management, analysis, and results of three-dimensional visual display of the output in one of the data flow, but also in its space tips, forecast and supporting policy-making functions. At present, GIS is not only to develop into a more mature technology science, but has also become an emerging industry, in the mapping, geology and mineral resources, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, meteorology, marine, environmental monitoring, land management, urban planning, regional development and national defense areas such as play an increasingly important role. Use of GIS, databases, internal and external integration, mapping, scanning and vector-based technologies such as digital photogrammetry, for professional information systems to provide timely, accurate, standardized, digital basic spatial information in order to establish various types of specialized information systems, in order to achieve the management a scientific, standardized, and information technology. 5, Engineering Survey of Digital Photogrammetry


Digital Photogrammetry is based on digital imaging and the basic principles of photogrammetry, application of computer technology, digital image processing, image matching, pattern recognition and other multi-disciplinary theories and methods. Aerial photographic measurement is a large area, large-scale topographic mapping, cadastral an important means and methods can provide digital, images, lines drawn in other forms of map products. The emergence of digital photography workstation, coupled with GPS technology in the application of photogrammetry, enabling the automation of photogrammetry, digital direction. With the wide application of digital photogrammetry systems, photogrammetry, image maps, etc. from product to product conversion 4D for the establishment of professional information systems and basic geographic information platform provides a reliable data assurance.


6, engineering survey of remote sensing (RS) technology


Remote sensing (RS) technology, due to a large area of the simultaneous observation, timeliness, comprehensiveness and comparability of data, and economic advantages, such as rapid popularity, multi-spectral aerial photography and high-resolution remote-sensing earth observation satellite will be to obtain an important means of basic geographic information. A variety of small and medium-scale topographic maps can be used to obtain remote sensing images, in order to apply to basic urban areas of engineering survey topographic maps, cadastral maps and a variety of large, medium and small-scale topographic map provides a very convenient quick update of ways and means to .


7, engineering survey of the 3S integration technology


3S (GPS, GIS, RS) technology, a combination of each other, is a natural development trend of the interaction between the three lines became "one brain, two eyes" of the framework, that is, GPS for GIS and RS provide a regional information and spatial location information, and GIS spatial analysis accordingly in order from the GPS and RS provided by the massive amounts of data to extract useful information and conduct a comprehensive integrated, making it a scientific basis for decision making. Such as the Three Gorges project, water diversion projects, natural gas and the Qinghai-Tibet Railway project, its construction range, the logistics volume, and long construction period, while the 3S technology for such large-scale projects provide the most effective data and information the collection, analysis and processing, to express the decision-making tool.


8 Conclusion


With the new mapping technology advances in modern engineering measurement is bound to work towards the measurement of internal and external integration, data acquisition and process automation, process control and system behavior measurement of intelligence, measurement of results and products digitization, information management, measurement of visualization information sharing and dissemination of network-based trend.


 

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