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[资料]一条符合科学发展观的生态建设之路
作者:成都新瑞测绘  来源:内蒙古日报  浏览:1093次  更新:2009/9/14 16:14:27

作者:高巍

这是一篇令人精神振奋的通讯。三幅生态测绘图以铁的事实向世界宣布,沙区不是地球的癌症,西部不会永远是沙尘暴的源头。人类与沙漠,可以变成朋友,相依为命,生态与生计可以兼顾,治沙与致富能够双赢。

  在内蒙古自治区118万平方公里的土地上,分布着全国八大沙漠的一半和四大沙地的全部。沙漠资源的“成灾”与“成宝”,决定着这里的命运。能不能变消极的防沙、堵沙,为积极的治沙、用沙;变“征服沙漠”的“一厢情愿”为“善待自然”的“两全其美”,成为对全区人民智慧的一大考验。事实上,我区人民以自己的聪明才智和成功实践经受住了考验,并走出了一条符合科学发展观的生态建设之路。

  这条道路有一套完整的理论指导。早在20世纪60年代,钱学森院士就介入了应对地球“四大危机”之一的生态危机的思考,并与1984年提出了“创建农业型的知识密集产业——农业、林业、草业、海业和沙业”的科学设想。主要特征为:利用阳光,通过生物,延伸链条,依靠科技,对接市场,创造财富,造福百姓。核心内容就是最大限度地“留住”和“转化”太阳能,通过发展低碳经济,寓沙漠治理于利用开发之中,为人类开发新能源、新财源。这套理论受到了党和国家领导人的充分肯定。2008年1月19日,胡锦涛总书记看望钱学森院士时说:“前不久,我到内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市考察,看到那里沙产业发展得很好,沙生植物加工搞起来了,生态正在得到恢复,人民生活水平也有了明显提高。钱老,您的设想正在变成现实。”

  这条道路之所以成功,还在于它被纳入国家和地区的整体发展规划之中,并很快变为亿万人民的自觉实践。国家实施西部大开发战略,对包括内蒙古在内的12个省区市实行经济、环保等诸多的政策倾斜。 自治区在西部大开发规划纲要中明确提出“把内蒙古建设为我国北方最重要的生态防线”的战略目标,并以草原生态保护和防沙治沙为重点,划分出五大重点治理区域及八项重点工程。全区各地对症实施了“收缩转移”战略,以大规模生产战线的转移为生态恢复和治理腾出空间。13亿亩的草场上,实行了禁牧、轮牧和休牧。1亿多头牲畜,70%在农区舍饲圈养。从1984年钱老沙产业理论的提出到目前仅25年的时间,内蒙古人经历了一个数千年来未有的大变局。这场自西向东恢复生态的庞大工程,改变了几千年来农牧民的生产方式和生活方式。横跨“三北”的自治区正实现着“三个历史过渡”和“三个转变”,即:从游牧业向定居畜牧业过渡;由自给自足的自然经济向商品经济过渡;由靠天养畜向建设养畜、科学养畜过渡。半农半牧区和农区正在由自然放牧向舍饲轮牧转变;由种养分离向种养结合转变;由输出原料向输出商品转变。全区各族人民换一种思维认识草业、沙业,变对抗为兼容,变单一为多样,变“输血”为“造血”,这条符合科学发展观的生态建设道路将越走越宽广。

 

 

 

 

 

This is a refreshing communications. 3 Eco-maps with hard facts announced to the world, sand area is not the Earth's cancer, the West will not always be the source of sandstorms. Human and desert, could become friends, had each other, ecology and livelihoods can be taken into account, sand and the rich can be a win-win.

In the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 1.18 million square kilometers of land, the distribution of the half of the country's eight major and four sandy desert all. Desert Resource's "disaster" and "into a treasure" that determines the fate of here. Be able to change the negative sand prevention, block sand, as the positive control of desertification, sand; change "conquer the desert" and "wishful thinking" to "treat nature", "best of both worlds," the people of the region become a major test of wisdom. In fact, I have people in the region with their own wisdom and successful practice has withstood the test, and has embarked on a scientific concept of development of ecological construction road.

This road a complete set of theoretical guidance. Early in the 20th century, 60's, Qian academicians involved in the response to the Earth's "four major crisis," one of the ecological crisis thinking, and in 1984 proposed the "creation of agriculture-based knowledge-intensive industries - agriculture, forestry, grass industry, sea and sand industry, the industry, "the scientific ideas. The main features are: the use of sunlight, through biotechnology, extension chain, relying on science and technology, docking the market and create wealth for the benefit of the people. The core content is the maximum "retention" and "transform" solar energy, through the development of low-carbon economy, integrating into the desert of governance in the use and development of human development of new energy, new sources of income. The theory by the party and state leaders fully affirmed. January 19, 2008, President Hu Jintao visited Academician Qian said: "Not long ago, I went to study in Erdos City in Inner Mongolia, to see where the sand industry very well, engage in sand up processing plants, ecology is have been restored, people's living standard has also been significantly improved. Qianlao, your vision is becoming reality. "

This road has been successful, but also because it has been incorporated into the overall national and regional development planning, and quickly becomes the conscious practice of millions of people. National implementation of the western development strategy, the right, including Inner Mongolia, 12 provinces and autonomous regions, including the imposition of economic, environmental and many other policy tilt. Autonomous Region in the Western Development Plan clearly that "the construction in Inner Mongolia in northern China's most important eco-line of defense" of the strategic objectives and to the conservation of grasslands and desertification as the focus, classified into five major areas of governance and the eight priority project. Symptomatic throughout the region to implement the "shrink transfer" strategy to large-scale production front, the transfer for ecological restoration and management to make room. 13 million mu of grassland, the introduction of grazing, rotational grazing, and grazing. 100 million head of livestock, 70% in rural areas and feeding in captivity. From 1984 Qianlao sand industry theory proposes that currently only 25 years, Inner Mongolia has experienced a number of people thousands of years without a major change in the situation. From west to east in this huge project to restore the ecology has changed for thousands of years farmers and herdsmen modes of production and lifestyles. Across the "three north" of the autonomous region is to achieve the "three historic transition" and the "three changes", ie: from nomadic animal husbandry animal husbandry to settle in transition; by a self-sufficient natural economy to a commodity economy transition; days by relying on to support livestock to the building of livestock, science and livestock transition. Semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral and agricultural areas are being by natural grazing rotation to the feeding change; by a combination of planting and breeding, planting and breeding isolation to change; from the output of raw materials to export commodities to. The peoples of the region for a way of thinking understanding of grass industry, sand industry, the change is compatible with confrontation and change a single for the diverse, changing "blood transfusion" to "blood", this in line with the concept of scientific development road will become broader and broader ecological construction .

 
 
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