作者：周涛

地理信息产业是指采用地球空间信息技术（俗称3S技术，包括遥感、全球卫星定位系统与地理信息系统）对地理信息资源进行生产、开发和提供服务的全部经营活动，以及涉及这些活动的企业集合体。我国《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》提出要“加强测绘基础设施建设，丰富和开发利用基础地理信息资源，发展地理信息产业”，将发展地理信息产业列为“十一五”期间的重点任务之一。2008年2月，国家批准实施《广西北部湾经济区发展规划》（以下简称《规划》），广西北部湾经济区开放开发正式纳入国家发展战略，将建设成为重要的国际区域经济合作区。《规划》中提出要“增强邮政电信服务能力，大力推进电子商务和电子政务，积极发展地理信息、动漫等数字内容产业”。至今为止，国内外尚未见到探讨涉及广西北部湾经济区发展地理信息产业的文章或政策措施，笔者希望通过此文能起到抛砖引玉的作用。

    一、地理信息产业的特征       

    与广西北部湾经济区重点发展的有色金属、汽车、石化等产业相比，地理信息产业的规模、经济效益可以说微不足道，但为什么还要写入《规划》呢？这是因为：

    （一） 地理信息产业是一个高速增长的产业。近年来，全球地理信息产业产值年平均增长率达35%以上，远高于国民经济的增长率。国际上越来越多的大型企业如微软、Google等已经开始介入该领域。2008年国内地理信息产业产值已达600亿元，从业人员超过40万人，相关企事业单位超过1万家。虽然当前国际金融危机对我国整体经济造成一定影响，但目前地理信息产业仍然保持着旺盛的增长势头。预计2010年达到1000亿元规模，带动相关产业增长5000亿元以上。

    （二）地理信息产业是一个产业关联度较大的产业。地理信息产业是信息产业的重要组成部分，其产业活动从核心技术与数据资源，到工程应用，再到各种销售、咨询和信息服务，具有较长的产业链。对国民经济增长有着广泛的影响，具有较强的关联效应，产业关联度大于1:10。地理信息产业的发展上游带动了地理信息数据的采集和地理信息技术的快速发展。中游带动地理信息工程应用，并促进各种软硬件服务和技术服务的快速发展。下游带动遥感产业、卫星导航定位产业、智能交通（ITS）的发展。

    （三）地理信息产业是一个安全关联性产业。地理信息产业的核心是地理信息资源，其重要组成部分是基础地理信息，基础地理信息绝大部分涉及国家秘密。因此，地理信息产业区别于其它产业的一个重要特征是：所需要的地理信息资源同时也是涉及国家安全的重要信息资源。地理信息产业的发展直接关系到地理信息资源的安全，关系到国家的安全和利益。

    二、北部湾经济区发展地理信息产业的有利条件和挑战

    广西正着力将北部湾经济区打造成为中国与东盟的信息高地和集散中心，成为中国与东盟国家信息交流的桥梁，最终成为具有深远影响和得到广泛认同的中国—东盟区域性信息交流中心。可以预见，未来若干年，广西北部湾经济区的信息化人才和信息基础设施将有很大的提升，这是发展地理信息产业最重要的前提。

    （一） 广西北部湾经济区发展地理信息产业的有利条件

    1、 从业人员在全广西占的比重较大。据统计，广西北部湾经济区的地理信息产业主要是在原有的测绘企事业单位相关业务的基础上发展起来的，其中甲级测绘资质企事业单位有10家，占全广西的77%；乙级单位24家，占全广西的48%；丙丁级单位115家，占全广西的36%。同时，广西区内GIS专业教育为北部湾培养和积累了一定的人才。开辟有地理信息系统（GIS）本科和硕士专业的高校有广西师范学院、桂林理工大学。广西大学、广西教育学院、广西水利水电高等专科学院等院校尽管没有地理信息系统专业，但其部分专业也开辟了GIS、遥感和GPS等课程，个别学校还建立了GIS实验室。

    2、 地球空间信息技术在北部湾经济区已得到较为广泛的应用。在城市管理方面，全国第一个应用示范城市——南宁市城市应急联动系统、南宁市“数字城管”是应用地球空间信息技术的成功典范，也是欠发达地区实施数字化城市管理的典范。其次，业已建成的广西北部湾经济区连续运行卫星定位综合服务系统，可以为北部湾经济建设提供综合GPS服务。而广西正在实施的金土工程、二次土地调查、908专项、海域使用动态监测、“数字北海”地理空间框架等项目中，地球空间信息技术发挥着重要的作用。

    3、可借助中科院的大平台发展遥感应用服务。2009年，广西发改委批准在广西北部湾建立大型中国卫星遥感综合实验基地。该项目由国家航天遥感论证中心牵头，选定了甘蔗长势与估产遥感监测、北部湾环境综合评价与监测等10个项目作为先行应用服务项目。基地将为北部湾经济区建设提供科学决策依据和有效的技术支持，并打造成为我国卫星遥感应用的样板，利用广西北部湾独特的区位优势，向祖国腹地和东盟国家提供卫星遥感应用服务，充分发挥卫星遥感资源在国民经济建设和社会发展中的作用，进而带动地理信息产业发展。

    （二） 面临的挑战

    总体看来，北部湾经济区地理信息产业缺乏资源共享机制。地理信息共享的观念落后、共享渠道不畅，部门各自为政，信息“孤岛”现象仍较为严重，地理信息资源开发利用不足和重复建设并存；没有形成规模性龙头企业，生产、销售和服务体系还未建立，产业结构不完整，产业链也还没有形成；在教育与人才、组织建设和基础设施建设等方面也不太成熟。产业的供给量和需求量较小，市场比较破碎，产业尚处在发展的萌芽期。

    三、促进广西北部湾经济区地理信息产业发展的初步思考

    促进北部湾经济区地理信息产业的发展，笔者认为应从以下几个方面着手。

    （一）加强宣传，提高认识，引导各地各部门重视地理信息产业发展，推进自然资源与地理空间数据库建设，加快对地理信息资源的整合和开发，大力推进地理信息技术在政府、企业和社会的应用。

    （二）针对北部湾经济区信息化基础和地理信息产业环境，制定产业发展专题规划，明确具体的作用方向和途径，确定地理信息产业边界。

    （三）推进地理资源的共享应用。地理信息资源共享是避免重复建设、实现资源高效利用的重要措施，也是地理信息产业发展的基本前提条件。

    （四）结合“数字城市”地理空间框架建设，集中财力物力建设北部湾经济区地理信息公共服务平台，以政务网、专网、互联网为基础，结合电子政务，解决地理信息采集、加工、存储、管理、更新、分发与服务的一系列问题，为经济区的行业应用、社会公共提供全方位、多层次的基础地理信息服务。

    （五）要加大本土市场与企业的培育力度。形成一批具有自主知识产权的地理信息软硬件产品；大力实施地理信息应用示范工程；推进产业化项目；针对北部湾经济区的地理信息产业特色，建议把卫星遥感应用综合实验基地建设好，扩大影响，树立品牌，逐步形成上下游配套、产业链完整的地理信息产业聚集区。

    （六）加强地理信息产业的市场监管。2009年3月，国务院首次明确国家测绘局是地理信息产业监管部门。因此，各级管理机构应借此东风完善地理信息产业法规政策，加强从业单位资质、人员资格、市场准入、基础地理信息提供与信息安全等方面的管理，合理确定准入条件、严格规范市场行为，使企业在公正、公开、公平的竞争环境中发展。

    四、结 语

    信息化是当今时代的重要特征，是推动经济社会变革的重要力量。地理信息产业作为信息产业的一部分，是关系到国民经济增长、社会发展和国家安全的战略性产业，也是当今国际公认的高新技术产业，具有广阔的市场需求和发展前景。地理信息产业的核心工具——地球空间信息技术已经成为人类合理有效利用资源，是解决经济和社会可持续发展重大问题的支撑技术之一。把广西建成中国—东盟区域性的信息交流中心，是历史和地缘优势赋予广西的重大使命，地理信息产业必将会在广西北部湾经济区中绽放奇彩。
［参 考 文 献］

[1] 周德军. 关于地理信息产业有关问题的探讨[J]. 地理信息世界，2007，(3).

Geographic information industry is the use of geo-spatial information technology (commonly known as 3S technologies, including remote sensing, global positioning systems and geographic information systems) on the production of geographic information resources, development and provision of services of all business activities and enterprises involved in these activities, the collection body. China's "Tenth National Economic and Social Development Five-Year Plan" proposed to "surveying and mapping infrastructure construction, development and utilization of the rich and the basis of geographic information resources for the development of geographic information industry", will be the development of geographic information industry as the "Eleventh Five-Year "During one of the key tasks. In February 2008, the state approved the implementation of "Guangxi Beibu Bay Economic Zone Development Plan" (hereinafter referred to as "planning"), the Northern Gulf Economic Zone in Guangxi opening up and development into the national development strategies, will be built into an important international and regional economic cooperation zone. "Planning" that "we must strengthen the capacity of telecommunications services, postal, and vigorously promote e-commerce and e-government, a positive development of geographic information, animation and other digital content industry." So far, both at home and abroad to explore yet to be seen involved in the Northern Gulf Economic Zone in Guangxi geographic information industry to develop an article or policy measures, I hope that through this article to play the role of forward.

     First, the characteristics of geographic information industry

     And the Northern Gulf Economic Zone in Guangxi focus on the development of non-ferrous metals, automobile, petrochemical and other industries as compared to the size of the geographic information industry, the economic benefits can be insignificant, but why should write "Planning" then? This is because:

     (A) the geographic information industry is a high-growth industries. In recent years, the world's geographic information industry output value of the average annual growth rate of more than 35 percent, much higher than the growth rate of the national economy. An increasing number of international large-scale enterprises such as Microsoft, Google, etc. involved in this area has already begun. 2008 national geographic information industry reached 60 billion yuan output value, employing more than 400,000 people, related to more than 10,000 enterprises and institutions. Although the current international financial crisis of our country have certain effects on the economy as a whole, but the geographic information industry has maintained strong growth momentum. 2010 is expected to reach 100 billion yuan the scale of growth in related industries for more than 500 billion yuan.

     (B) the geographic information industry is a greater degree of industrial linkage industries. Geographic information industry, information industry is an important component of its industrial activity data from the core technology and resources to the engineering application, to a variety of sales, consulting and information services, has a long industrial chain. On the national economy has a broad impact on growth, with strong correlation effects, industry linkage more than 1:10. Geographic information industry led the development of the upper reaches of the geographic information and geographic data collection rapid development of information technology. Middle reaches of the lead engineering applications of geographic information and to promote a variety of hardware and software services and the rapid development of technology services. Downstream driven remote sensing industry, satellite navigation and positioning industry, and Intelligent Transportation (ITS) development.

     (C) the geographic information industry is a safe industry relevance. Geographic information industry is the core of geographic information resources, an important part of their basic geographic information, based on the vast majority of geographic information involving state secrets. Therefore, the geographic information industry from other industries is an important feature: the need for geographic information resources relating to national security is also important information resources. The development of geographic information industry is directly related to the safety of geographic information resources, related to national security and interests.

     Second, the North Bay Economic Zone Development GIS industry conditions and challenges

     Guangxi is focus on the Northern Gulf Economic Zone will become the China-ASEAN information Heights and distribution centers in China and ASEAN countries bridge the exchange of information and ultimately become a far-reaching impact and has been widely recognized by the China - ASEAN regional center for exchange of information. It can be foreseen that the next several years, the Northern Gulf Economic Zone in Guangxi information personnel and information infrastructure will have a huge upgrade, which is the development of geographic information industry the most important prerequisite.

     (A) of the Northern Gulf Economic Zone in Guangxi geographic information industry to develop favorable conditions for

     1, employees in the whole of Guangxi, accounting for a larger proportion. According to statistics, the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone in Guangxi geographic information industry, primarily in the original mapping of related business enterprises developed on the basis of which quality of Surveying and Mapping Class enterprises are 10, accounting for 77 percent of Guangxi; B 24 units, accounting for 48 percent of Guangxi; probucol class 115 units, accounting for 36 percent of Guangxi. At the same time, the Guangxi regional GIS for the Northern Gulf of Vocational Education to train and accumulated a certain amount of talent. Geographic information systems have opened up (GIS) professional undergraduate and master's colleges and universities have the Guangxi Normal College, Guilin University of Technology. Guangxi University, Guangxi Institute of Education, Guangxi Academy of Water Conservancy and Hydropower and other institutions of higher even though there is no geographic information systems professional, but also opened up a part of professional GIS, remote sensing and GPS courses, individual schools have also set up a GIS laboratory.

     2, geo-spatial information technology economic zone in the north Bay have been more widely used. In urban management, application and demonstration of China's first cities - Nanning City Emergency Response System, Nanning City, the "Digital Urban Management" is the application of geo-spatial information technology success story, but also the number of less developed areas of urban management model. Secondly, have been built in the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone in Guangxi continuous operation of multi-service satellite positioning systems, can be the Northern Gulf economic development services to provide integrated GPS. The gold is being implemented in Guangxi soil engineering, the second land survey, 908 specific, dynamic monitoring of the use of the waters, "Digital Sea" and other geo-spatial framework projects, geo-spatial information technology plays an important role.

     3, can draw support from the development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences of the major remote sensing application services platform. In 2009, Guangxi Development and Reform Commission approved the establishment of the Beibu Gulf in Guangxi, China's satellite remote sensing integrated large-scale experiment base. The project appraisal by the National Space Remote Sensing Center, led by selected growth and yield of sugarcane remote monitoring of the Northern Gulf environment, such as evaluation and monitoring as the first 10 project applications services. Base for the construction of the Northern Gulf Economic Zone and provide scientific basis for decision making and effective technical support and build our country a model for the application of satellite remote sensing, the use of the northern Bay of Guangxi unique advantage to the hinterland of the motherland and the ASEAN countries with the application of satellite remote sensing services, full satellite remote sensing resources to play in national economic construction and social development, and promote the development of geographic information industry.

     (B) the challenges facing

     Generally speaking, the Northern Gulf Economic Area, the geographic information industry, the lack of resource sharing mechanism. Geographic behind the concept of information sharing, shared channels are sluggish, sector co-ordination, information "isolated island" phenomenon is still more serious, geographic information resources development and utilization of both inadequate and redundant construction; there is no large-scale leading enterprises, production, sales and service system has not been established, the industrial structure is incomplete, industry chain has not yet formed; in education and human resources, organizational building and infrastructure construction is also not mature enough. Industry supply and demand for smaller, broken markets, industry is still in the development of the embryonic period.

     Third, the promotion of the Northern Gulf Economic Zone in Guangxi GIS Industry Development Preliminary Thoughts

     Beibu Bay economic zone to promote geographic information industries, I believe that the following aspects should be started.

     (A) to strengthen advocacy, awareness-raising, all localities and departments to guide attention to the geographic information industry development, promote the natural resources and geo-spatial database construction, speed up the integration of geographic information resources and development, vigorously promote geographic information technology in government, business and society.

     (B) for the Northern Gulf Economic Area, based on information technology and geographic information industry to develop the topic of industrial development planning, the role of specific direction and means to determine the geographic information industry borders.

     (C) the sharing of resources to promote the application of geography. GIS is the sharing of resources in order to avoid duplication and achieve efficient use of resources, an important measure of geographic information industry is the basic prerequisite for development.

     (D) combination of "digital city" geo-spatial framework for the construction of the building to concentrate financial and material resources in the Beibu Gulf Economic Area Geographic Information for public service platform, to the Chief Network, Network, Internet-based, combined with e-government to address the geographic information collection, processing, storage , management, update, distribute and service a range of issues for the economic zone of industrial applications, offering a full range of public, multi-level basis of geographic information services.

     (E) To increase the domestic market and efforts to cultivate business. With independent intellectual property rights to form a number of geographic information software and hardware products; vigorously implement GIS application demonstration projects; promote industrialization projects; Bay economic zone for the northern part of the geographic information industry characteristics, it is proposed to the application of satellite remote sensing integrated experimental bases, and the expansion of the impact of brand, and gradually form the upstream and downstream facilities, a complete industry chain where the geographic information industry.

     (F) enhancing the geographic information industry market supervision. In March 2009, the State Council, the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping the first time is a clear geographical information industry regulators. Therefore, regulatory agencies at all levels should be taken to improve the geographic information industry Dongfeng regulations and policies to strengthen the business units of qualifications, staff qualifications, market access, the provision of basic geographic information and information security management, reasonable access, strictly regulate the market behavior, so that enterprises in the fair, open and fair competition environment.

     IV Conclusion

     Information is an important feature of the present era, is to promote economic and social change in an important force. Geographic information industry as part of the information industry, is related to national economic growth, social development and national security, strategic industries, and is internationally recognized in today's high-tech industries, with broad market demand and prospects for development. The core of the geographical information industry tools - geo-spatial information technology has become a rational and efficient use of human resources to solve economic and social sustainable development of the major issues, one of the supporting technologies. Guangxi to build China - ASEAN regional information exchange center, is a historical and geographical advantage of the important mission entrusted to Guangxi, geographic information industry will be in the Northern Gulf Economic Zone in Guangxi in the singular color blooming.
[References]

[1] Zhou German. On the geographic information industry of the problem [J]. Geographic Information World, 2007, (3).