作者：李长需  闫善良 司新利

【缘起】
    因为修建小浪底水库，新安县西沃乡西沃村附近的青要山西沃石窟将沉于水下。为了抢救它，国家文物部门决定将其搬迁。但搬迁石窟中国尚无先例，世界上也只有埃及搬迁阿布辛贝勒神殿一例。如何搬迁？搬迁到哪里？又如何复原？中间发生了多少故事？
中国石窟搬迁无先例
    1995年4月的一天，在水深流急的黄河上，第一次看到壁立在青要山半腰的西沃石窟，陈进良感到了空前的压力。
    4个月前，国务院正式决定将西沃石窟搬出小浪底库区，经水利部小浪底水利枢纽建设管理移民局和河南省文物保护管理局研究决定，将搬迁任务交给了陈进良所在的河南省古代建筑保护研究所；而该所为此成立了以研究员陈进良、牛宁为核心的5人搬迁小组。
    14年后，回忆起当初接受任务时的情形，陈进良还一直称自己“傻大胆”。原因是，中国尚没有搬迁石窟的先例。即便在世界上，也不多见。仅有的一例，是在1960年埃及重建阿斯旺大坝时，将位于阿斯旺省西南290公里处的阿布辛贝勒神殿整体迁移至高于河床60余米的后山上。只不过这次搬迁由联合国教科文组织牵头，组织了德、法、意、瑞典等34个国家的考古专家进行；搬迁得很完美，虽然移高了60多米，但在春分和秋分这两天，阳光仍旧能够照进神殿最深处，使得整个神殿依旧闪闪发光。
    陈进良并没有去过搬迁后的阿布辛贝勒神殿，更难查到相关的技术资料，摆在他面前的是一片空白，何况西沃石窟又处在这么个鬼神发愁的位置。
    “现在想起来就后怕，越老越没有胆量了。”陈进良说，西沃石窟为不可再生文物，稍有不慎，将造成终身遗憾。放到现在，他根本不敢接这个活儿。
    正是“傻大胆”的勇气支撑了他。之前，毫无经验的他，靠着“傻大胆”，在1978年搬迁了漯河郾城县（今郾城区）实验中学内的北宋彼岸寺碑；1984年，他搬迁了登封中岳庙内的大唐碑，尤其是大唐碑，重达30多吨，风化很严重，稍有不慎将被毁掉，但他很好地完成了任务。
    搬迁西沃石窟，对他提出了前所未有的要求。
佛像为什么会变黑
？
    没有经验，也没有可供参考的资料，陈进良的压力越来越大，经过多次现场勘察及商讨，他们最终拿出了“揭顶分块”的搬迁方案。所谓“揭顶分块”，就是切去石窟顶部的石块后，将石窟及摩崖浮雕切割成大小不等的石块，再进行搬迁。
    1996年9月12日，石窟搬迁正式施工，他们请来了偃师市诸葛文物修复队，这是一个长期在龙门石窟搞文物修复的民间文物修复队伍，有着丰富的施工经验。他们工作的第一步，就是搭建便于施工的木架。
    如何搭建木架，是一道难题。西沃石窟所在的位置为一峭壁，几无下棍之处。幸运的是，修复队队员在离河面2米处发现了一处崖壁上伸出来的石头茬儿，宽二三十厘米，正好可以固定横杆。
    固定好横杆后，再向上搭建竖杆，并用铅丝将之牢牢地固定在山体上。一个15米长、10米高的架子很快出现在峭壁上。
    架子搭好之后，陈进良等又进行了详细的勘察和测绘。他们请来中国社科院考古研究所的李裕群到现场进行测量绘图，请来解放军测绘学院航测系影像工程实验室专家对石窟进行近景立体摄影测绘。
    他们还请了中国地质大学环境科学系的李智毅、王建锋教授，对石窟所依附的地质条件、黄河水和地下水等进行了详细的勘察、测试和分析。“石窟的位置特别危险，万一在施工中不小心将切割下的石块掉到几十米深的黄河水中，可根据这些资料进行复制和对位。”陈进良说。
    为了防止这种意外的出现，他们还用有机硅将石窟中的雕像及摩崖浮雕全部拓了模，以备将来修补。但刚开始拓时，意外出现了，被拓过的雕像全部黑糊糊的。
    陈进良赶紧叫停了工人。但究竟是什么原因造成了这种结果，陈进良起初有点不解。在以往的施工中，用有机硅拓文物并没有出现过这种现象。
    站在河风强劲的工作架上，随风飘来的刺鼻的硫黄味让学化学出身的陈进良恍然大悟：原来雕像变黑是硫化锡在作怪。因为在使用有机硅时，需要使用固化剂使其凝固，固化剂中含有锡，锡与空气中的硫黄发生反应就生成了黑色的硫化锡。这与当地农民土法烧制硫黄造成的污染不无关系。
    为解决这个问题，陈进良让工人在拓模前，先在雕像上涂上一种化学材料，使之与有机硅和固化剂隔离，所产生的硫化锡再也不会附着在雕像上了。
石窟被大卸七块
    做好所有的准备后，他们开始切割石窟。首先要做的是揭顶，就是将石窟上面的斜山坡及杂草等整个儿去掉。
    揭顶相对容易，最难的还在于对石窟的分块切割上。从文物保护的角度来讲，块切得越大就越完整；但从文物的安全性上来说，块切得越小就越安全。
    这与石窟的位置比较特殊有关。由于石窟距离岸边公路中心的水平距离有10多米远，而上边的公路也只有四五米宽，像100吨、150吨等大吨位的吊车根本无法到达现场，而小吨位的吊车又吊不动大块；而且块与块之间的分割必须采取直线操作。所以衡量来衡量去，他们决定除了对东区的摩崖浮雕进行单独切割外，对西区的石窟及摩崖浮雕分成六块进行切割。
    为了保证雕刻岩体的完整性，施工队不得不采取原始加机械化的劈山法，在留足石窟所依附的岩体厚度后，用内燃机凿岩机、压缩空气凿岩机在母岩上打排孔，然后用人工打钢钎的方法把岩石劈开。
    分离出石窟所在的整个岩石之后，再进行逐块切割。当时并没有现成的切割工具，找遍了采石场才找到一种可移动的切割机。切割机用的合金切割片直径达1米，其锯缝深度可达40厘米，而宽度不过0.8厘米。这种切割机本来只能进行上下垂直切割，但经过改进后，也可以“躺着”进行水平切割了。
    在西区被分割的六块中，最小的也有将近4吨重，其中面积最大的为塔形浮雕和屋形浮雕区，高190厘米、宽290厘米、厚40厘米，重达6吨；体积最大的为1号石窟，将近10立方米，重量起初估计为16吨，实际重量达到17吨。
    在对1号石窟和2号石窟的切分中，遇到了一个难题：1号石窟与2号石窟之间的洞壁很薄，只有20厘米厚，不可能把它们从正中间切开，但让它们合在一块又太重，恐怕吊车吊不上去。
    权衡之下，陈进良决定，在二者中间偏向2号石窟的一侧切下去，这样势必要切损一尊小佛。陈进良说，当时有一个笑话，说切割的工人无奈地对着小佛喃喃自语：“佛爷啊，你不要怪我，这不关俺的事儿，俺实在没有办法才锯的。”
    由于石窟所在岩体以灰岩和白云质灰岩为主，在裂隙渗水和腐蚀的作用下，岩体整体性较差，上半部较软，下半部较硬，为防止石窟破碎，特在每个切块上打了几根甚至几十根钢筋锚杆，并以高强度树脂灌浆，提高了其整体性。

一号石窟“坐”铁笼上岸
    切割完之后，就要把分割好的七大块吊上来了，除了重达17吨的1号石窟这个大家伙外，其他的六块起吊都比较容易，用一辆50吨的吊车，就可以不费事地将它们吊起来。
    1号石窟着实让大家感到为难，在讨论方案的时候，有人说建个铁轨把它拉上来；有人说在拉起来的时候，由于其重量很大，造成向内的收缩力很大，可能会把石窟挤坏，所以需要在吊起之前先在洞窟内用钢筋加固。
    但这些方案并不现实。陈进良想来想去，忽然间来了灵感：何不在现场焊接一个长方形的铁笼，将1号石窟装进去，再在笼子上焊接4个铁鼻，用来系绳子，这样把笼子吊起来时，力量加在了铁笼子上，对石窟的作用力就没有了。
    陈进良将自己的想法说给吊车师傅，师傅对此方案很欣赏，说有可行性；巧合的是，此时小浪底大坝工程已经开工，黄委会组织的焊工正在附近焊船，跟焊工师傅一说，人家很乐意帮忙，很快就把笼子做好了。
    陈进良找了两辆35吨的吊车，一起起吊1号石窟这个“巨无霸”；有了铁笼的束缚，它很顺利地上了岸。
石窟新家选址之争
    被吊上来的石窟，将被搬运到它们的新家——新安县铁门镇的千唐志斋，这是民国元老张钫的旧居，因收藏历代碑刻而闻名。
    运输方案早已制订出来，由于当时的道路并不好，恐怕运输过程中出现损坏，陈进良计划将车内铺上沙子，让大卸七块的石窟舒舒服服地“躺”在上面；装车时，他发现附近的采石场有大堆的石头粉末，这正好可以用上。
    装好车，麻烦来了。这麻烦不是技术的原因，而是当地的村民，他们组织了数百人，将运输车团团围住，年迈的老人躺在车前，死活不让车走。
    其实早在起吊石窟时，他们就开始成群结队地来到现场，除烧香祭拜之外，他们还要求石窟留在当地；在起吊的时候，甚至有年轻人坐在石块上进行阻止，时任新安县文管所所长的董书林怕年轻人一不小心跌落黄河，还专门租了船只等待救援。
    村民们的阻止，体现了他们对石窟新家选址的争议。早在之前的研讨会上，就有不同的主张：来自洛阳的专家主张将西沃石窟搬迁到龙门石窟，可以和龙门石窟一起向世人展示。但这遭到了反对，因为在龙门石窟面前，西沃石窟无疑是小巫见大巫，并不起眼。
    董书林主张将石窟搬迁到新安县城的慕容山上，单独划出一块五六十亩的土地，将来可以发展旅游，但因为面临拆迁及资金问题，被否定了。
    还有一种主张，就像埃及阿布辛贝勒神殿一样，就近安置在石窟附近不会被小浪底水库淹没的山上，这符合石窟原来所处的环境，将更有意义。
    但省文物局最终否定了以上方案，他们不主张另辟新地，设立新的单位，这样不但花费高，还不太好管理，而千唐志斋有完善的管理体系，里面也有跟石刻有关的石碑，环境相合。
    这种决定，没有说服当地村民，他们最终将石窟连同运输车一起扣押到西沃乡政府，并锁上了乡政府的大门。
    陈进良等人和石窟一起，在乡政府院内待了整整一夜，直到第二天，在各方的协调下，他们才和石窟一起离开西沃乡政府，到达千唐志斋。
石窟复原很完美
    在进入千唐志斋时，还有个小插曲，由于大门的限制，大的石块难以进入，石窟在门外“躺”了几个月之后，才得以进入，开始复原。
    复原时面临着两个问题需要解决，其一就是面向问题，西沃石窟在青要山上时，面向是朝着北来的黄河水，但根据千唐志斋内的房屋布局，陈进良他们将之调整为面向南方。
    其二是东区立佛浮雕与西区的摩崖浮雕及石窟的距离是20米，在复原时是否还需要这么长的距离？由于千唐志斋预留给石窟的面积有限，他们只好将二者连在了一起。
    论证好复原思路，正式的修复开始，工作人员先砌筑了一座基台，然后将石块放到基台上进行拼接。
    相比切割和起吊，在陈进良看来，修复拼接相对比较简单，因为切的石块比较大，只需要将它们拼合在一起就可以了。唯一的技术就是，需要尽量消除拼合处的缝隙。他们将块体间的切缝用环氧水泥封牢，再一点点地把表面抹平，几乎跟原貌相同，如果不细心查看的话，很难看出中间曾经切割过。
    为了保持石窟的稳定性，专家还对石窟的背面进行了技术处理，他们用毛石将其背部、顶部和左右两侧进行了包砌，使各个块体形成一个整体，同时其外形也成为一个自然的小山头，增强了自然效果。
    为配合石窟上的牛鼻形孔等黄河古栈道遗迹，在基台处理上还设置了一处细节，就是在砌筑基台时，特制了7根水泥挑梁，目的是营造石窟下临古栈道、面对黄河的氛围。“复原很完美，但这个细节并不理想，那种氛围并不明显。”10多年后，陈进良自我评价道。

【Origin】
    Because the construction of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the new County Sivori Sivori Township near the village green to mountain caves will be submerged in underwater Sivori. In order to save it, the National Heritage department has decided to relocate. However, there is no precedent for the relocation of grottoes in China, the world's only case of Egypt, the relocation of Abu Simbel Temple. How do I move? To move to where? How to recover? How many have taken place in the middle of the story?
Chinese grotto unprecedented move
    One day in April 1995, at a depth of up with the Yellow River flow, the first time I saw rise steeply in the Green Mountain halfway to the Sivori caves, Chen Chin-liang, was an unprecedented pressure.
    4 months ago, the State Council formally decided to move out of caves Sivori Xiaolangdi reservoir, through the Ministry of Water Resources Xiaolangdi Water Control Project Construction and Management Authority, Immigration and conservation study in Henan Province has decided to move the task handed over to Chen Chin-liang, Henan Province, where the ancient buildings Protection Institute; while the Institute was set up in order for this researcher Chen Chin-liang, cattle would rather be a core group of five people to move.
    14 years later, recalled the original mandate to accept the situation, Chen Chin-liang has also been said that he "stupidly brave." The reason is that China is still not a precedent for the relocation of Grottoes. Even in the world, there are also rare. Only one example, is the reconstruction of the Aswan Dam in Egypt in 1960, it will be located 290 kilometers southwest of Aswan Abu Simbel Temple of the overall Department's move to more than 60 meters above the riverbed after the hill. But the move led by UNESCO, organized Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, 34 countries, archaeological experts; move perfectly, although the shift more than 60 meters high, but the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox two days , the sun can still shine through the innermost shrine, making the entire temple is still shining.
    Chen Jin-liang, and did not go after the removal of the Abu Simbel temples, more difficult to be found the relevant technical information placed before him was a blank, not to mention Sivori caves also worry about ghosts and spirits in such a position.
    "Now Xiangqilaijiu scared, the older the more you lack the courage." Chen Chin-liang, Sivori caves for non-renewable heritage, a little mistake, it will cause regrets for life. From the present, he did not dare to take the family on.
    It is "silly bold" the courage to support him. Prior to his inexperienced, relying on "dumb bold" and in 1978 moved to a Luohe Yancheng Xian (now Yan City) High School Monument inside the Temple of the Northern Song Dynasty on the other side; in 1984, he relocated within the Dengfeng Zhongyue Miao Datang Monument, especially Datang Monument, weighing over 30 tons, weathering very serious, a little mistake will be destroyed, but he completed the task very well.
    Relocation Sivori Grotto, he made an unprecedented request.
Why do black Buddha
?
    Lack of experience, there is no reference data, Chen Chin-liang, under increasing pressure, after several on-site investigation and discussion, they finally come up with a "lifting the top sub-block" of the relocation program. The so-called "lifting the top block" is truncated at the top of the rock grotto, it will cave, and Cliff reliefs cut into the stones of varying sizes, and then to move out.
    September 12, 1996, the relocation of the formal construction of grottoes, they invited Yanshi Zhuge Conservation Team, which is engaged in a long-term in the Longmen Grottoes Conservation Conservation non-governmental team has a wealth of construction experience. The first step of their work is to facilitate the construction of the wooden structures.
    How to build wooden stand, is a difficult problem. Sivori the location of caves as a cliff, almost no under the rod of office. Fortunately, the restoration team members 2 meters away from the river have been found at a precipice, on the stones sticking out Chaer, twenty or thirty centimeters wide, just bar can be fixed.
    Fixed after a good bar, and then to build up vertical rod, and use of the wire will be firmly fixed on the mountain. A 15 m long, 10 meters high shelf will soon appear on the cliff.
    Improtance shelves later, Chen Chin-liang, and so they carried out a detailed survey and mapping. They invited the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Archeology, LI Yu-group to the scene to conduct surveying and mapping, the PLA invited the Department of Surveying and Mapping Institute of aerial imaging engineering laboratory experts to carry out close-range stereo photogrammetry grotto.
    They also invited the Department of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences of the Li Zhiyi, Professor Wang Jianfeng, dependent on the geological conditions of the caves, the Yellow River water and groundwater conducted a detailed investigation, testing and analysis. "Caves are particularly dangerous place, in case the construction does not accidentally cut tens of meters deep under the stones fell into the Yellow River water can be the basis of these data copying and right place." Chen Jin-liang.
    In order to prevent such accidents, they are also used silicone to the statue and the Cliff Cave relief all the extension of the model for future repair. However, the beginning of extension, the accident occurred, was extension of the statue had all the dusky.
    Chen Jin-liang quickly stopped the workers. But what causes this result, Chen Chin-liang, a bit puzzled at first. In the past construction, silicone extension of cultural artifacts and there have been no phenomenon.
    Wind River's work to stand strong shelves, wind floated the pungent smell of sulfur to learn chemistry background, Chen Jin-Liang finally realized: The original statue is black tin sulfide at play. Because the use of organic silicon, the need to use the curing agent to cure, curing agent containing tin, tin and sulfur in the air react to generate a black tin sulfide. This local farmers Tufa pollution caused by burning sulfur are not unrelated.
    To address this problem, Chen Chin-liang, the extension workers to die before the statue of a chemical material to paint to make it with silicone and curing agent isolation, the resulting tin sulfide no longer attached to the statue on the.
Caves by large unloaded 7
    Prepared for everything, they began to cut caves. First thing to do is to expose the top, that is, the caves above the ramp slope, and weeds, etc. to remove the whole child.
    Exposing the top is relatively easy, the hardest lies right on the cutting block Grottoes. From the conservation point of view, the larger block was cut more complete; but on the safety of cultural relics, the block-cut as small as more secure.
    This is rather special about the location of caves. As the grotto from the center of the horizontal distance from the coast road there are more than 10 meters away, while the upper road is only 45 meters wide, such as 100 tons, 150 tons of cranes and other large tonnage could not arrive at the scene, while the small tonnage of the crane they are not hanging moving large; and the division between the block and block action must be taken to a straight line. Therefore, to measure to measure, they decided to East Cliff relief in addition to a separate cutting outside of the West Cliff Cave and the relief be cut into six pieces.
    In order to ensure the integrity of rock carvings, the construction team had to take the original Canadian mechanized off hilltops Act, in the grotto of the left foot attached to the thickness of the rock, the rock drilling machine with internal combustion engines, compressed air rock drill holes in the parent rocks on the hit row, and then by hand drill rod of the ways to split the rock.
    Isolated from the whole rock grotto where, after further cutting block by block. At that time, there is no ready-made cutting tools, searched the quarry to find a mobile cutting machine. Cutting machine used to cut sheet alloy up to 1 meter in diameter, which saw kerf depth of up to 40 cm, while the width, but 0.8 centimeters. This cutting machine can only have been up and down the vertical cut, but after improvements, can also "lying" to the level of cut through.
    In the West was divided in six pieces, the smallest has nearly 4 tons, of which the largest relief and housing for the pyramid-shaped relief area, high 190 centimeters wide and 290 centimeters, 40 centimeters thick and weighing 6 tons; volume of the largest No. 1 of caves, nearly 10 cubic meters, weight, initially estimated at 16 tons, the actual weight of 17 tons.
    In Cave No. 1 and No. 2 in the grotto of the segmentation encountered a problem: 1, Cave 2, Cave and the tunnel wall between the thin, only 20 cm thick, it is impossible to cut them from the middle, but the them together in one another too much, I am afraid the cable car is not hanging up.
    On balance, Chen Chin-liang decided that, in the middle of the two caves on the 2nd bias cut side down, so that losses will inevitably have to cut a small Buddha. Chen Chin-liang said that there was a joke, saying that the workers no choice but to cut a small Buddha facing the murmured: "Buddha ah, do not blame me, it's not I the Shier, there is no way I saw it."
    As the caves where the rock with limestone and dolomitic limestone-based, water seepage and corrosion in the crevice under the rock an overall poor, the upper half soft, hard second half, in order to prevent cave broken Special cuts on each hit Jigen bolt or even tens of root reinforcement, and high-strength resin grouting to improve its integrity.

One Grottoes "riding" iron cage ashore
    After the cut end, they should split up a good seven large crane, in addition to No. 1 weighs 17 tons of caves this big guy, the other six are relatively easy lifting, using a 50-ton crane, we can do not trouble to lift them up.
    Cave No. 1 really make you feel embarrassed, when discussing the program, some people say it to build a rail Lashang Lai; Some people say that pulling up, because of its very heavy, resulting in large inward contractile force may be the caves crowded bad, it needs before being lifted with the steel reinforcement inside the cave.
    However, these programs are not realistic. Chen Chin-liang After much deliberation, came suddenly inspiration: Why not in the field weld a rectangular metal cages, will be No. 1, loaded into the grotto, and then weld in a cage on a 4 iron nose, for the Department of rope, so that the cage hung up, the power added to the cages the child on the right there will be no force Grottoes.
    Chen Chin-liang, said his thoughts to the crane master, the master of this program very much appreciate that there is feasibility; Coincidentally, at this time Xiaolangdi dam now under construction, YRCC will organize the welders were welding near the ship, with the master welder one said that someone was willing to help, and soon put the cage do the work.
    Chen Jin-Liang looked for two 35-ton crane, lifting with the caves on the 1st of this "giant"; With the iron cage of bondage, it is very smooth on the ground of the shore.
Grottoes new home site battle
    Has been hanging up the caves, will be moving to their new home - a new iron gate County town of 1000 Tang, fasting, and this is the Republican elder statesman Zhang Fang's old home, known for collecting ancient inscriptions.
    Transport program has already worked out, because the road was not good, I am afraid damaged during transport, Chen Chin-liang's plan to car covered with sand, so large discharge of seven caves in comfort, "lying" in the above; loading, the He found that there are piles in the vicinity of the quarry stone powder, it just can be used for.
    Install a good car, trouble came. This trouble is not technical reasons, but the local villagers who had organized hundreds of people surrounded the truck, an old old man lying in front of the car, dead or alive not allow cars to go.
    In fact, as early as lifting cave, they began to flock to the scene, in addition to burn incense and worship in addition, they also requested to remain in the local caves; in lifting the time, or even to stop young people sitting on rocks on the , when he was director of the new County-wen tube Shu-Lin Tung, fear of young people accidentally fall of the Yellow River, but also specially rented boats wait for rescue.
    Villagers to stop, reflect their new home on the cave site of controversy. As early as in the previous seminar, there is a different proposition: from Luoyang Grottoes experts advocated Sivori moved to the Longmen Grottoes, the Longmen Grottoes together can show the world. But this was objected to, because in front of the Longmen Grottoes, Sivori cave is undoubtedly overshadowed, and inconspicuous.
    DONG Shu-Lin advocated grotto moved to Xinan county Murong mountains, a separate set aside a fifty or sixty acres of land in the future can develop tourism, but because of funding problems facing the demolition and was denied.
    There is also a proposition, like Egypt, Abu Simbel temple, like nearby will not be placed in the cave near the Xiaolangdi submerged mountains, in line with the original caves in which the environment will be more meaningful.
    However, the ultimate denial of Provincial Cultural Heritage Bureau of the above options, they do not advocate open up a new earth, the establishment of new units, it will not only take high, not good management, while the 1000 Tang Zhai a perfect management system, which is also related with the stone monument, environment coincide.
    Such decisions, failed to convince local villagers, they will eventually cave along with the seizure of vehicles to the Sivori township government, and locked the door to the township government.
    Chen Jin-liang and others and caves, together with the township government compound to be an entire night until the next day, under the coordination of the parties, their talents and grottoes along with the township government to leave the Sivori, arrived in 1000 Tang fast.
Cave is the perfect recovery
    When entering the 1000 Tang fasting, there is a small episode, due to restrictions on the door, large stones difficult to enter caves in the door, "lie down" a few months later, was able to enter, began to recover.
    Recovery, when faced with two problems to be solved, one that is problem-oriented, Sivori caves in the green to the mountains, when, facing towards the north to the Yellow River water, but according to 1000 within the housing layout Tang Zhai, Chen Chin-liang, they will be of adjusted for the South.
    The second is the Eastern and Western relief Oliver Cliff relief and distance from the cave is 20 meters, when the recovery still need such a long distance? Since 1000 Tang Zhai reserved for the limited area of caves, they had to the two connected together.
    Demonstrated a good recovery ideas, the formal restoration began, the staff of a masonry abutment first, and then put the base stone bench splicing.
    Compared to cutting and lifting, in the view of Chen Chin-liang, repair, splicing is relatively simple, because the relatively large cut stones, just to put together with them on it. The only technology is the need to try to put together at eliminating the gap. They will block kerf between the seal with epoxy cement prison, and then a little way to the surface of disappearing, is almost identical with the original, if not carefully see if it is difficult to see the middle has been cut.
    In order to maintain the stability of the caves, the experts also conducted a grotto on the back of technical processing, they used the rubble of their back, top and left and right to assemble the packet so that each block to form a whole, while its shape has become a a natural small hill and enhance the natural effect.
    In line with the grotto on the bovine-shaped hole so large in the Yellow River ancient ruins of the base station handling the details is also set up one, that is, masonry base stations, the specially made seven concrete cantilever beam, the purpose is to create caves overlooking the Old Plank Road in the face of the Yellow River atmosphere. "Recovery is very perfect, but this detail is not ideal, the kind of atmosphere is not obvious." 10 years later, Chen Chin-liang, self-evaluation Road.