工程测量毕业论文开题报告
——小高层建筑物沉降观测技术设计与实施
一.课题研究（设计）目的，其理论与实际意义，国内外的动态和发展趋势：
目的和意义：
设计书是环岛安置工程沉降观测的技术依据之一，同时也可作为同类项目的参考资料。通过本设计书撰写，基本掌握测绘项目技术设计的方法与要求，同时进一步熟悉沉降观测的组织与实施，更好地理论联系实际。沉降观测是确保大中型建筑物安全运营的手段之一，通过本项目的设计与实施能更好的保证生命财产安全。
发展趋势：
城市的小高层、中高层楼房日俱增多，楼房塌陷也伴随着增多，存在严重危害性，人民群众心里也出现了恐慌现象，这给楼房的质量提出了更高的要求，其中沉降观测是建筑物质量控制中的重要环节，也是表达楼房质量最直观的数据之一。目前沉降观测，施工队一般仅能用DS3观测，而专业测量队常按二等精度组织实施，且存在数字水准仪逐渐取代光学水准仪的趋势。

二.课题研究（设计）的内容（论文基本框架）：
小高层建筑物沉降观测技术设计与实施
1项目概况
2作业依据
3设计方案
3.1基准点的建立
3.2工作基准点的建立
3.3沉降点的布设及基本要求
3.4沉降观测精度要求
3.5 沉降观测水准路线的布设
3.6  水准路线的外业观测
3.7 数据处理
3.8 观测期限与观测周期
3.9 观测中的注意事项
4提供成果资料
5成果分析
附表和附图
致谢

三.课题研究（设计）的主要研究方法、技术路线：
（1）收集并参考相似工程的设计书和技术总结资料；
（2）收集并参考相似工程的论文资料；
（3）测区资料的收集整理；
（4）编写项目技术设计方案；
（5）参加测区的踏勘、选点及控制网布设和观测；
（6）直接参加各期沉降观测工作，加强实践环节；
（7）参与内业平差计算、成果分析及资料整理；
（8）参加检查验收。

四.完成课题研究（设计）的条件和进度、具体安排及预期结果等：
设计条件：乐清市北白象镇东才村坐落在白象大道与象南路交叉口，其环岛安置工程主体建筑14层高约为42m，属小高层民用建筑，地基的土质类型为砂土，钢筋混凝土桩。该工程于2005年9月开工建设，工期为6个月，2006年1月已完成基础施工。为了解该建筑的沉降情况，确保后期施工安全，2006年1月北白象镇委托测绘队对该建筑进行沉降观测。

安排：2006年1月协同有关人员到实地踏勘，查找附近原有的高程控制点。
2006年2月编制技术方案
2006年3月－4月沉降观测
2006年5月成果分析和技术总结。

预期结果：根据技术要求以及实地情况，编制技术设计书并完成相应测量工作。

五.主要参考文献：
【1】顾孝烈等.第2版测量学.上海：同济大学出版社，1999
【2】陈龙飞等.工程测量学.上海：同济大学出版社，1990
【3】孔祥元等.第2版控制测量学. 武汉：武汉大学出版社，2002
【4】徐绍铨等.修订版GPS测量原理及应用.武汉：武汉大学出版社，2003
【5】SL197—97，工程测量规范[S]
【6】GB12898—97，国家二等水准测量规范[S]
【7】JGJ/78-97，建筑变形测量规程[S]

Engineering Surveying opening report Thesis
- Small high-rise buildings in the design and implementation of the settlement observation techniques
1. The research (design) purpose, its theoretical and practical significance of the dynamics and development trends at home and abroad:
The purpose and meaning:
Book is designed around the island settlement of placing the project in one of the technical basis for observation, but also can be used as reference for similar projects. Through the design of the book writing, the basic grasp mapping method of the project technical design and requirements at the same time become more familiar with the organization and implementation of settlement observation and better theory with practice. Settlement observation is to ensure the safe operation of large and medium sized building one of the means, through the design and implementation of this project to better guarantee the safety of life and property.
Trends:
The city's small high-rise, high-rise buildings, Japanese Ju increased, accompanied by an increase in collapsed buildings, there is a serious harm, the people there have been panic in the phenomenon of mind, which gives the quality of buildings put forward higher requirements, settlement observation of construction things are important elements of quality control, but also to express the quality of buildings, one of the most intuitive data. At present settlement observation, the construction team in general can only be observed with the DS3, and professional survey team often organized and implemented by second-class accuracy, and the existence of digital levels is gradually replacing optical water level trends.

2. The research (design) and content (the basic framework papers):
Small high-rise buildings in the design and implementation of the settlement observation techniques
1 Project Overview
Two operations based on
3 Design
3.1 The establishment of reference point
3.2 The establishment of working reference point
3.3 Settlement Point and the basic requirements laid
3.4 The settlement observation precision
3.5 Settlement observation level of the layout of the road
3.6 standard line, field observations
3.7 Data Processing
3.8 observation periods and observation period
3.9 Observation Notes
4 provides information on the outcome
5 Results Analysis
Schedules and drawings
Thanks

3. The research (design) of the main research methods and techniques course:
(1) the collection and reference to similar engineering design books and technical summary information;
(2) the collection of papers with reference to similar projects information;
(3) to compile information on the surveyed area;
(4) preparation of project technical design programs;
(5) to participate in the reconnaissance survey area, the choice of site and control of network deployment and observations;
(6) directly participate in the settlement period of observation to work to strengthen the practice links;
(7) to participate within the industry adjustment calculation, results analysis and data compilation;
(8) to participate in inspection and acceptance.

4. The completion of the research (design) conditions and the progress of the specific arrangements and the expected results, etc.:
Design conditions: North white elephant Yueqing City, Town Village, located in the white elephant was like a South Avenue and the intersection of its island settlement works 14-storey main building is about 42m, is a small high-level civil construction, foundation of the soil type is sand, reinforced concrete piles. The project was started construction in September 2005, a duration of 6 months, in January 2006 have completed a basic construction. In order to understand the settlement of the building to ensure the latter part of construction safety, in January 2006 the town commissioned the Survey and Mapping Team, North white elephant that carried out settlement construction observation.

Arrangements: in January 2006 in collaboration with relevant personnel to the field reconnaissance, to find the control point near the original elevation.
In February 2006 the preparation of technical solutions
In March 2006 on settlement observation -4
May 2006 analysis of results and technical summary.

Expected Results: According to the technical requirements as well as the situation on the ground, the preparation of technical design document and complete the survey work.

5. Main references:
【1】 Gu strong and so on. 2nd edition surveying. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 1999
【2】 Chen Fei and so on. Engineering Geodesy. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 1990
【3】 Xiang-yuan, etc.. 2nd edition control surveying. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2002
【4】 Shao-Quan Xu and so on. Revised edition of GPS measuring principle and applications. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2003
【5】 SL197-97, engineering survey specification [S]
【6】 GB12898-97, the national second-class standard of measurement standard [S]
【7】 JGJ/78-97, architectural deformation measurement procedures [S]