作者：章炼群
开展地图市场检查
新中国成立60年来，浙江省测绘事业经历了从小到大、从弱到强的发展历程。1974年成立浙江省测绘局后，伴随着全省经济社会的快速发展，测绘行业干部职工积极解放思想，坚持改革创新，积极服务经济社会发展大局，履行测绘服务保障职能，测绘工作统一监管力度逐年加大，基础测绘工作全面加强，测绘科技水平不断提高，测绘工作对全省经济社会发展的作用日益显现，建立地理信息资源共建共享机制、编制省级基础测绘规划、开展信息化测绘体系建设发展战略研究、建设地理空间数据交换和共享平台等多项工作走在全国前列，受到浙江省委、省政府和国家测绘局的高度评价。
坚持改革创新 强化监管职能
通过20年的不懈努力，浙江省、市、县三级测绘管理机构基本建立，职责事权清晰，管理职能逐步到位。市、县共有测绘管理人员240余名，形成了比较健全的测绘管理队伍。浙江省出台了1个地方性法规、4个政府规章和与之配套的20多个规范性文件，设区市也陆续出台了测绘管理政府规章和一批规范性文件，测绘政策法规体系初步形成，做到了测绘监管有法可依、有章可循。
浙江局坚持寓服务于监管之中。一是妥善处理适度宽松的市场准入政策和严格把关的关系，引导社会资本进入地理信息产业，测绘行业单位中民营企业占54.1%。二是加大地图市场监管力度。几年来，共查处80多起地图违法案件，同时加强地图编制单位和地图产品生产销售企业的教育工作，使公众的国家版图意识有了很大提高，基本杜绝了有政治性问题的地图。三是对永久性测量标志实行分类保护管理，为测量标志保管员发放津贴，为永久性测量标志办理土地使用权手续。四是加强测绘质量监管，开展专项检查。针对群众关心的房产测绘问题，会同省建设厅、省工商局制定了《房屋面积量算实施细则》等文件，统一和规范全省房产测绘行为。五是开展涉密测绘成果脱密处理研究和实践，极大地促进了测绘成果的应用。
创新发展思路 做强基础测绘
浙江局对1990年测绘的全省第一代1：1万比例尺地形图进行全面更新，到2008年，部分经济发达地区实现了1：1万比例尺地形图第三轮更新。全省1：500至1：5000比例尺数字化地形图实现了城市规划区和建成区的全覆盖和农村地区的必要覆盖，基础地理信息资源得到广泛应用。从今年起，浙江开始实施1：1万比例尺地形图及数字化产品每3年更新一次的行动计划。
2000年11月，浙江省在全国率先出台《浙江省基础测绘管理办法》，确立了基础测绘的公益性性质和基础测绘分级管理、定期更新、纳入各级政府经济和社会发展计划及财政预算的基本制度。到2008年，全省87.5%的市、县（市）基础测绘计划列入同级政府年度计划，75%的市、县（市）基础测绘经费列入同级政府财政预算。2008年，全省各级财政对基础测绘的投入达2.5亿元，有力地促进了基础测绘工作的开展，大大提高了测绘保障服务水平。
上世纪90年代末，浙江局在全国较早开始实施传统测绘技术向数字化测绘技术体系的转轨，用3年多时间建成了省级数字化测绘生产基地，形成规模化生产能力。浙江局积极开展科技创新，针对基础测绘生产中的瓶颈技术问题，与武汉大学联合研究开发了内外业一体化立体测图系统，为实施1：1万比例尺地形图快速更新提供了先进方法。最近，浙江局还编制了《省级基础测绘（含应急测绘）现代化技术装备建设规划》，计划用3年时间，投入2828万元用于设备的添置和更新。
在完成全省一、二、三等水准网和现有大地控制网现代化改造的基础上，浙江建立了统一的卫星定位连续运行综合服务系统和厘米级似大地水准面，复测了全省二、三等水准，进一步完善了大地测量基准，获取了覆盖全省最新航空影像和高分辨率卫星影像数据，并以3年和2年为周期进行更新。
在建设基础测绘数据的基础上，建成了包括全省1：1万、1：5万、1：25万比例尺基础地理空间数据库的省级基础地理信息系统，建成省基础测绘信息网上发布系统并投入运行，大部分市、县建立了城市基础地理信息系统或基础地理信息数据库。
为宁波北仑港建设服务
实现共建共享 促进成果应用
浙江是全国最早探索在政府部门之间建立地理信息资源共建共享机制的省份。2003年1月，经省政府批准，由省发改委、省财政厅、省测绘局等15个部门组成的省地理空间信息协调委员会成立，随后全省所有设区市也先后成立了相应的协调机构。为建立共建共享机制，2003年至2009年9月，省测绘局先后与民政厅、水利厅、林业厅等16个省级部门以及全省11个设区市测绘主管部门签订了地理信息共建共享协议，还与上海市、江苏省测绘主管部门建立联席会议制度，共同协调地理信息共享和开发利用工作。
浙江局坚持以应用服务为牵引，大力推进测绘成果应用，与政府有关部门合作建成了多个示范工程。如与省水利厅合作开发建设的浙江省1：1万比例尺水利地理空间数据库平台，实现了对全省水利信息管理和防汛抗旱指挥的一站式服务，在台风灾害防御指挥决策中发挥了作用。与省发改委共同开发建设的浙江省主体功能区规划空间信息服务平台和浙江省空间规划布局和重大项目选址辅助决策系统，为全省重大规划的编制与审核提供了先进手段，受到国家发改委的表扬。
“十五”以来，浙江局与有关部门合作完成了森林资源管理、公路管理、行政区划管理、滩涂资源管理等专题信息系统，避免了重复建设，节约了大量财政资金。
浙江局努力推动制定地理信息共建共享法规和地理空间数据交换与共享平台建设。《浙江省地理空间数据交换和共享管理办法（草案）》，近期将报省政府常务会议审议。2009年，由省财政投资6330万元的浙江省地理空间数据交换和共享平台开始建设，该平台是浙江省与国家测绘局合作共建的重大信息化工程项目，工程将在3年后建成并投入使用。
创新服务意识 提高服务能力
自建局以来，浙江局已向全省20多个行业提供各种比例尺地形图70多万幅，各类大地成果点9万多个，航空像片40多万张，还为国家和省重点工程、高速公路网建设提供了大量的测绘保障服务。
2007年以来，浙江局已连续3年开展国土资源管理服务年活动，主要为第二次全国土地资源调查、土地动态监测、全省小流域地质灾害治理和新农村建设提供测绘服务。2007年开始为欠发达县的新农村建设测制大比例尺地形图，开发了新农村建设地理信息公共服务平台。该局还主动为第三次全国文物普查制作了全省1：1万比例尺文物普查用图，有力保障了文物普查工作顺利实施。浙江局建成的省电子政务地理信息服务平台，信息量大，操作简便，深受省级部门的欢迎。
2008年6月，浙江局建成了支持导航及位置服务的电子地图基础数据库。建立的公益性地图网站为公众出行、地理信息查询提供服务。2009年5月，“三维浙江”动态电子地图上线，全省设区市的三维仿真城市地图、公益性地图网站也将于2009年底前全部上线，省、市公益性地图网站之间还将实现数据共享、技术共享和网站链接。
汶川大地震发生后，中央决定浙江对口支援青川县。浙江局得到消息后，在第一时间从国家测绘局获取青川县政区地图，联系卫星影像数据公司，制作了卫星影像图，提供给省支援青川恢复重建指挥部。随后，迅速组成35支测绘队伍，376位精兵强将奔赴灾区，在余震不断、灾区条件极为困难的情况下，用了20多天时间就测制了33个乡镇大比例尺地形图，为国土、规划和建设部门进行灾后环境评估、重建规划编制和项目建设提供了现势性强的基础数据，省委、省政府主要领导多次在援川工作会议上给予表扬。甲型H1N1流感发生后，浙江局应省应急办和疾控中心的要求，及时提供了全省电子地图，并开发出疾病预防控制电子地图服务平台。
建设创新载体 推动科技进步
60年来，浙江省实现了传统测绘技术体系向数字化测绘技术体系的跨越，测绘生产和服务能力大大提高，遥感、卫星定位和地理信息系统技术在测绘行业得到广泛应用，为各级政府部门的电子政务、政府决策、资源管理、城市建设和社会综合管理等提供了大量地理空间信息产品和技术服务。浙江局充分利用现代高新技术改造传统测绘技术，引进了以数字摄影测量工作站等为代表的先进技术，开发了全数字摄影测量主体采编系统，真正实现了内外业一体化作业，大幅度提高了数据获取、处理、管理、分发服务的能力和效率，降低生产成本。全局技术装备水平和队伍整体素质也得到较大提升。
浙江局在全国率先开展了1：1万比例尺地形图快速更新技术研究，从今年开始实施1：1万比例尺地形图每3年更新一次的行动。2008年，开展了《浙江省信息化测绘体系建设发展战略》课题研究，力争信息化测绘建设走在全国前列。
浙江局根据省委、省政府引进大院名校的政策，以浙江省测绘科学技术研究院为平台，与中国测绘科学研究院合作共建浙江分院，建设测绘科技创新载体。目前该分院已全面开展工作，与中国测绘科学研究院合作承担全省最大的测绘工程项目——浙江省地理空间数据交换和共享平台的设计、系统开发、关键技术研究、相关标准规范编制等工作。同时，正在争取设立中国测绘科学研究院研究生教育基地和博士后工作分站，加快全省测绘行业人才培养。
目前，浙江局已建立了以需求为导向，研究、开发与应用相结合的生产与科研机构，科技投入逐年加大，研究和开发能力有了较大幅度的提高。近年来，浙江局共有10项科技项目获省部级科技进步奖，8项工程获全国优质工程奖，5项地图成果获全国优秀地图作品奖。
Map of the market conduct examination
New China was founded 60 years ago, Zhejiang Province, surveying and mapping industry has experienced small to large, from weak to strong development process. Surveying and Mapping Bureau of Zhejiang Province, established in 1974, after, along with the province's rapid economic and social development, and surveying and mapping industry, cadres and workers to actively emancipating the mind, persist in reform and innovation, and actively serve the overall economic and social development to fulfill the functions of surveying and mapping services, security, mapping unified supervision and management of work each year increased, overall strengthening of basic surveying and mapping, surveying and mapping technology has improved continuously, surveying and mapping work on the role of the province's economic and social development becomes increasingly obvious, the establishment of geographic information resources sharing mechanisms, the preparation of provincial-based surveying and mapping plan, carry out information-based mapping system construction and development of strategic studies, construction, geospatial data exchange and sharing platform for a number of tasks such as walking in the forefront in China by Zhejiang provincial government and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping highly appreciated.
Persist in reform and innovation and strengthen the regulatory functions
Through a 20-year unremitting efforts, Zhejiang Province, city and county levels of basic surveying and mapping administration established, say in a clear responsibility to manage the functions of gradual manner. The city and county a total of more than 240 management personnel surveying and mapping, surveying and mapping the formation of a relatively sound management team. Zhejiang, China introduced a one local laws, government regulations and with four supporting more than 20 normative documents, municipalities and districts have gradually introduced a number of surveying and mapping the management of government regulations and regulatory documents, survey and mapping system for the initial formation of policies and regulations , so that the supervision of the mapping rules to follow.
Zhejiang Bureau adhere to blending into the service of supervision. First, to properly handle a moderate liberal market access policies and the relationship between strict control and guide social capital into the geographic information industry, survey and mapping industry units, private enterprises accounted for 54.1%. The second is to increase the intensity map of market supervision. In recent years, since maps were investigated and handled more than 80 illegal cases, while strengthening the preparation of maps and map products production and sales units in the educational enterprise, so that the public's awareness of the national territory has been greatly improved, the basic political issues have put an end to the map. Third, categories of permanent survey marks the implementation of protection and management, in order to measure marked custodians allowances, in order to apply for a permanent measure marks the procedures of land use rights. The fourth is to strengthen the quality of supervision of surveying and mapping to carry out special investigations. Mapping property for the masses are concerned about the issue, together with the Provincial Department of Construction, the provincial Trade and Industry Bureau formulated the "Regulations for Housing, an area of measuring and calculation" and other documents, uniform and standardize the behavior of the province's real estate mapping. Fifth, to carry out de-classified secret deal with surveying and mapping results of research and practice, which greatly facilitated the application of surveying and mapping results.
Innovative development ideas and strengthen the basis of Surveying and Mapping
Zhejiang Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of the province in 1990, the first generation of 1:1 million scale topographic maps to conduct a comprehensive update to 2008, some economically developed regions to achieve a 1:1 million scale topographic maps the third round of updates. Province 1:500 to 1:5000 scale digital topographic map to achieve the city's planning area, and built-up areas and rural areas cover all the necessary coverage, basic geographic information resources are widely used. Starting this year, Zhejiang Province started to implement a 1:1 million scale topographic maps and digital products is updated once every three years, a plan of action.
In November 2000, Zhejiang Province, the first in China promulgated the "Mapping Management, Zhejiang Province-based approach", establishing the basis for mapping the nature and basis for mapping hierarchical public service management, and regularly updated to incorporate all levels of government economic and social development plan and budget for the basic system. By 2008, the province's 87.5% of the city and county (city) government at the same level-based mapping program included in the annual plan, 75% of the city and county (city) to include funding for basic surveying and mapping at the same level the government budget. In 2008, the province at all levels of financial investment in basic surveying and mapping of 2.5 billion, a strong foundation for the promotion of surveying and mapping work, greatly enhanced the level of service surveying and mapping support.
The last century, the late 90s, early start across the country, Zhejiang Bureau of Surveying and Mapping technologies to the implementation of traditional digital mapping technology system of the transition, with more than three years of the completion of the provincial digital mapping production base, the formation of large-scale production. Zhejiang Bureau has been actively carrying out scientific and technological innovation, for basic surveying and mapping bottlenecks in the production of technical problems, and Wuhan University joint research and development inside and outside the industry, the integration of the three-dimensional mapping system for the implementation of 1:1 million scale topographic maps provide a sophisticated method of quick updates. Recently, the Zhejiang Bureau has also prepared a "provincial base mapping (including emergency mapping) modern technology and equipment construction planning", plans to use three years, invested 28.28 million yuan for equipment purchase and renewal.
Upon completion of the province's first, second and third-level network and modernization of the existing geodetic control network, based on the Zhejiang to establish a unified multi-service satellite positioning system and the continuous operation centimeter geoid, retest the province's two , third-class standards, further improved the geodetic reference, access to the latest aerial imagery covering the whole province and high-resolution satellite image data, and to 3-year and 2-year cycle to be updated.
In building the basic mapping data, based on the build, including the province of 1:1 million, 1:5 million scale of 1:25 million, based geospatial database of the provincial basic geographic information system, built provincial base mapping information system and web publishing put into operation, most of the cities and counties in the city-based geographic information systems or basic geographic information database.
Ningbo Beilun port construction
Sharing the results achieved to promote application of
Zhejiang is the first to explore the country between government departments and the establishment of geographic information resources sharing mechanism of the provinces. In January 2003, after the provincial government approval, the provincial Development and Reform Commission, the provincial Department of Finance, Provincial Mapping Bureau composed of 15 provincial departments Geospatial Information Coordination Committee was established, followed by all the municipalities and districts across the province also has set up a corresponding coordinating agency. Sharing mechanism for the establishment of build 2003 to September 2009 the Provincial Bureau of Surveying and Mapping has with the Department of Civil Affairs, Water Resources Department, Forestry Department and other 16 provincial-level departments and 11 municipalities and districts across the province signed the surveying and mapping authorities of geographic information build a sharing agreement, but also with Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, surveying and mapping department in charge of the establishment of the joint meeting system for the coordination of geographic information sharing and joint development and utilization.
Zhejiang Bureau adhere to the application service for traction, and vigorously promote the surveying and mapping results of the application of the relevant government departments in cooperation with the completion of a number of demonstration projects. Such as the Department of Water Resources in cooperation with the development and construction of water conservancy in Zhejiang 1:1 million scale geospatial database platform to realize the information on the province's water management and flood and drought control, one-stop service in the typhoon disaster prevention to play a role in command decision-making . Development and Reform Commission jointly with the provincial development and construction of the main functional areas of Zhejiang Province Planning spatial information service platform and Zhejiang spatial planning major projects, the layout and location of decision support system for the establishment of the province's major planning and auditing provides an advanced means, by the State Development and Reform Commission commended.
"15" has been completed in cooperation with the departments concerned, Zhejiang Bureau of forest resource management, highway management, administrative division management, resource management topics such as beach information systems, avoiding duplication, saving a great deal of financial resources.
Zhejiang Bureau of efforts to promote the development of Geographic Information Sharing and regulations and geo-spatial data exchange and sharing of platform construction. "Zhejiang Province, exchange and sharing of geospatial data management approach (draft)", will soon be reported that the provincial government executive session. In 2009, the provincial financial investment of 63.3 million yuan, Zhejiang, geospatial data exchange and sharing platform began construction of the platform in Zhejiang Province in cooperation with the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping build a major information technology projects, project will be completed in three years after and put into use.
Innovation and a sense of service to enhance service capacity
Since the self-built Bureau in Zhejiang province has more than 20 industries to provide a variety of scale topographic maps over 70 10000, the outcome of various types of geodetic points, more than 90,000, aviation and photograph more than 40 million copies, but also for national and provincial priorities engineering, highway network building a large number of surveying and mapping security services.
Since 2007, Zhejiang has 3 consecutive years of service to carry out land resource management activities, primarily for the second national land resources survey, land dynamic monitoring of geological disasters in the province of small watershed management, and new rural building surveying and mapping services. Daxian arrears in 2007 as a new measurement system for large-scale rural construction topographic maps, development of new rural construction of geographic information of public service platform. Council also took the initiative for the third national survey of cultural artifacts produced by the province's cultural relics survey scale of 1:1 million, with maps, cultural relics effectively guarantee the smooth implementation of the census work. Bureau of Zhejiang Province, built in e-government geographic information service platform, informative, easy to operate, deeply welcomed by provincial departments.
In June 2008, Zhejiang Bureau of the completion of navigation and location-based services to support the electronic map of the underlying database. Establishment of public service websites for the public travel maps, geographic information query service. In May 2009, "Three-dimensional Zhejiang" dynamic electronic map on the line, the province's municipalities and districts of the three-dimensional simulation of city maps, public service web site will also map all the on-line before the end of 2009, provincial and municipal public service map web site is also among the will enable data sharing, technology sharing and site links.
Wenchuan after the earthquake, the central authorities decided to support Qingchuan County, Zhejiang counterparts. Zhejiang Bureau got the news, the first time from the National Mapping Agency to obtain Qingchuan County Administrative Region maps, contact the company of satellite image data to produce a satellite image maps available to the provincial headquarters to support the restoration and reconstruction Green River. Subsequently, the rapid mapping the composition of 35 teams, 376 crack rushed to the disaster areas, in the aftershocks continue in the disaster areas under very difficult conditions, with more than 20 days to test the system in 33 towns large-scale topographic maps for the land , planning and construction departments in post-disaster environmental assessment, reconstruction planning and project building a strong foundation for the current potential data, the provincial party committee and provincial government leaders on many major conference on aid to Sichuan to give praise. Influenza A H1N1 influenza occurred, the Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Emergency Response Office and the CDC should request the timely provision of the province's electronic map, and the development of a disease prevention and control of electronic map service platform.
To promote scientific and technological progress of building an innovative vehicle
60 years, Zhejiang Province of traditional surveying and mapping technology system to digital mapping technology system by leaps and bounds, mapping production and service capability has been greatly improved, remote sensing, satellite positioning and geographic information systems technology is widely used in the survey and mapping industry, government departments at all levels of electronic government, government decision-making, resource management, urban construction and social integrated management provides a wealth of geo-spatial information products and technical services. Zhejiang Bureau of full use of modern high technology to transform traditional mapping techniques, the introduction of digital photogrammetric workstations, as represented by advanced technology, has developed a full digital photogrammetry of the main editing system that truly achieved the integration of operations within and outside the industry, substantially increased data acquisition, processing, management, and distribution services to the capacity and efficiency, reduce production costs. Global technology and equipment level and the overall quality has also been a larger increase.
Zhejiang Bureau conducted the first nationwide to 1:1 million scale topographic maps quickly update technology research, beginning this year, implementation of the 1:1 million scale topographic maps updated once every three years, action. In 2008, launched the "Surveying and Mapping Information System, Zhejiang, construction and development strategy" research, and strive to build information technology mapping forefront of the country.
Zhejiang Bureau under the provincial government introduced the policy elite compound, Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology Research Institute of Zhejiang Province as a platform for co-operation with the Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping Science, Zhejiang Branch of the build, construction, surveying and mapping scientific and technological innovation vector. At present the branch has been fully operational, with the Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping undertaken in cooperation between the province's largest surveying and mapping projects - Zhejiang Province, geospatial data exchange and sharing platform design, system development, key technology research, the relevant standard specifications prepared and so on. At the same time, is seeking the establishment of China Academy of Surveying and Mapping postgraduate education base and postdoctoral work sub-stations, to speed up the province's survey and mapping industry, training of personnel.
At present, Zhejiang has established a demand-oriented, research, development and application of a combination of production and scientific research institutions, science and technology investment increase year after year, research and development capacity has been more greatly enhanced. In recent years, Zhejiang Bureau projects a total of 10 provincial and ministerial level scientific and technological progress in science and technology awards, eight projects were the National High Quality Project Award, five map map of the results obtained from the National Outstanding Award.
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