第一节 房产测量概述
　　 房产测量也称为房地产测量，主要是测定和调查房屋及其用地情况，即主要采集房屋及其用地的有关信息，为房产产权、房籍管理、房地产开发利用、交易、征收税费以及城镇规划建设提供测量数据和资料。是测量技术与房地产管理业务相结合的测量工作。由于房屋与上地是不可分的，房产测量与地籍测量也密不可分。地籍图上应表示主要房屋信息，房产图上应表示房屋用地的主要信息。一般是先进行地籍测量，然后再开展房屋调查，最好是地籍与房产调查同时进行。由于房产测量与地籍测量在方法和精度要求上有许多相同之处，只是执行的技术规程不同，所以与地籍测量相同的内容，本章不再赘述。
　　 一、房产测量的作用
　　 由于房产测量所采集的房地产权属界址、土地位置、用地面积、房产质量和数量等信息都具有法律效力，是房产产权证和土地税收的重要依据，具有权属(法律上)、财政(税收上)和城镇规划三大基本功能，它的宅要作用可归纳为以下三个方面。
　　 1．管理方面
　　 为了使城市房地产管理和住宅建设都能稳步纳入现代化建设的轨道，城镇房地产管理部门和规划建设部门都必须全面了解和掌握房地产的权属、位置、质量、数量和现状等基本情况。只有这样，才能进行科学的管理和合理的规划建设，更好地调配使用房屋和土地，有计划地安排旧城区住宅的修建改造，以及新发展区的规划建设。另外，房地产测量的成果，亦是开展城镇房地产管理理论研究的重要基础资料。
　　 2．经济方面
　　 房地产测量提供广大量准确的图纸资料，为正确掌握城镇房屋和土地的现状及变化，清理公、私各占有的房地产数量和面积，建立产权、产籍和产业管理的图册档案，统计各类房屋的数量和比重等提供了可靠的依据，亦为开展房地产经济理论研究提供重要基础资料。
　　 房地产测量还为城镇财政、税收、土地等部门研究确定土地分等定级，制定税费标准提供了依据，以保证房地产税费的合理征收。

　3．法制方面
　　 房产图所表示的每户所有的房屋及使用土地的权属范围，是经过实地房产调查，并经过各户申请登记，经主管部门逐户审核确认的。房产的分丘图、分户图作为核发房屋所有权与土地使用权证书中的附图，是具有法律效力的图纸。它是加强房地产管理、核定产权、发权证、保障房产所有者和使用者的合法权益，加强社会主义法制管理的重要依据。
　　 二、房产测量的任务与内容
　　 1．房产测量的任务
　　 主要是通过测量和调查工作来确定房屋的权属、位置、界址、数量、质量和现状等，并以文字、数据和图件表示出来。其目的是要搞清房产产权、使用权的归属、界线和面积，房屋的分布、坐落位置、建筑物的结构、层数和建成年份，以及房屋及其用地的用途等基础资料。
　　 2．房产测量的内容
　　 房产测量的基本内容包括：房产平面控制测量、房产调查、房产要素测量、房产图绘制、房地面积测算、房产变更测量、成果资料的检查与验收等。
          三、房产测量的基本精度要求

         1．房产平面控制测量的基本精度要求

         末级相邻基本控制点的相对点位中误差不超过±0.025m
         2.房产分幅平面图与房产要素测量的精度要求
        (1)模拟方法(利用传统方法直接在白纸上成图)测量的房产分幅平面图上的地物点，相对于邻近控制点的点位中误差不超过图上±0.05mm.
        (2)利用已有的地籍图，地形图编绘房产分幅图时，地物点相对于邻近控制点的点位中误差不超过图上±0.06mm.
        (3)对全野外采集数据或野外解析测量等方法所测的房地产要素点和地物点，相对于邻近控制点的点位中误差不超过±0.05mm.
        (4)采用已有坐标或已有图件，展绘成房产分幅图时，展绘中误差不超过图上±0.1mm.
        3.房产界址点与房产面积的精度要求
        房产界址点(以下简称界址点)的精度分三级，各级界址点相对于邻近控制点的点位误差和间距超过50m的相邻界址点的间距误差不超过表15-1-1的规定；间距未超过50m的界址点的间距误差限差不应超过式(15-1-1)的计算结果。

Property Survey Section Overview
Measurement, also known as real estate property measurements, measurement and investigation is mainly house and its land use where the main house and its land acquisition related information for real estate property, the Housing cadastre management, real estate development and utilization, trade, levy taxes, as well as urban planning and construction to provide measurement data and information. Is a measure of technology and real estate management business combination of measurements. As the housing and the land is not divided, real estate surveying and cadastral surveys are inseparable. Cadastral maps should indicate the main housing information, real estate maps of land for housing should be said that the main message. Is generally the first cadastral survey carried out, and then to carry out housing survey, preferably with the real estate cadastral surveys the same time. As the real estate cadastral surveying and land in the method and accuracy requirements have much in common, but the implementation of technical regulations are different, so with the same content cadastral survey, this chapter will not repeat them.
　　 一、房产测量的作用
As measured by the acquisition of real estate property ownership boundary, land location, land size, quality and quantity of information such as real estate have the force of law, is real estate ownership certificate and an important basis for land tax, with ownership (law), financial (tax) and the three basic functions of urban planning, it should be the role of house can be summarized in the following three areas.
1. Management
In order to make urban real estate management and housing construction can be steadily into the orbit of the modernization of urban real estate management and planning and construction departments must fully understand and grasp the real estate ownership, location, quality, quantity and status of the basic conditions. The only way to carry out scientific management and rational planning and construction, and better allocation of the use of housing and land, there are plans to arrange the construction of residential transformation of the old city, as well as planning and construction of new development areas. In addition, real estate, the results of measurements are also carried out theoretical studies of urban real estate management an important basis for the information.
2. Economy
Real Estate measurement of a large number of accurate drawings wide information, in order to correctly grasp the status of urban housing and land and change to clean up public and private possession of real estate of all the number and size of the establishment of property rights, production and industrial management, membership atlas files, statistics The number and proportion of various types of housing such as to provide a reliable basis, to carry out real estate also provides an important basis of economic theory of information.
Measurement for urban real estate finance, taxation, land and other departments to determine land classification, provide the basis to develop tax rates in order to ensure a reasonable real estate tax levy.

3. The rule of law
Property map represented all of the housing and household ownership of land use scope of real estate is a field investigation, and after all households applying for registration, examination and verification by the competent departments of the household. Property sub-Hill plans, sub-issuance of family plans to serve as home ownership and land use warrant book, with photos, drawings and have legal effect. It is to strengthen the real estate management, and approved property rights, issued warrants, to protect property owners and users of the legitimate interests of strengthening the socialist legal system, an important basis for the management.
Second, the task of measuring and content of property
1. The task of measuring real estate
Mainly through the measurement and investigation to determine the ownership of housing, location, boundary, quantity, quality and status and so on, and to text, data and maps that come out. The aim is to find out real estate property rights, the right to use the ownership, boundaries and area, housing distribution, situated location, building structure, floors and built the year, as well as the use of land for housing and other basic information.
2. Measurement of the contents of the property
The basic property measurements include: real estate Horizontal Control Survey, real estate surveys, real estate elements of surveying, real estate mapping, the premises are estimates, real estate change measurements, the results of the inspection and acceptance of such data.
           Third, the basic property measurement accuracy

          1. Real Estate plane control the basic precision measurement

          The last stage of basic control points adjacent to the relative point position in the error is less than ± 0.025m
          2. Real estate plan with the property framing elements of measurement accuracy
         (1) simulation methods (using the traditional method of mapping directly on the white paper) measurements of the real estate sub-surface features on the site plan points, relative to the neighboring control points in the point position error is less than the map ± 0.05mm.
         (2) the use of the existing cadastral maps, topographic map compilation when the real estate sub-pictures, the feature points, relative to the adjacent control points in the point position error is less than the map ± 0.06mm.
         (3) full-field data collection or field analytical measurement methods such as measured by the real estate elements of points and features in points, relative to the neighboring control points in the point position error is less than ± 0.05mm.
         (4) using existing coordinates or existing maps, real estate sub-pictures show coming up when plotting the graph of error does not exceed ± 0.1mm.
         3. Property Boundary Point and real estate area of precision
         Property Boundary points (hereinafter referred to as boundary points) at three levels of accuracy at all levels, relative to the adjacent boundary points, the control point position error and the spacing of more than 50m distance between adjacent boundary points of error is less than Table 15-1 -1 of the regulations; spacing of no more than 50m of the boundary point spacing should not exceed the error limit of differential equation (15-1-1) were calculated.