作者：顾开建

随着宁波市社会经济快速发展，各行各业对测绘产品的需求激增，原有的测绘4D产品已不能满足需求。宁波市测绘设计研究院以科学发展观为统领，加快测绘发展方式转变，瞄准三维数字地图、数字侧视地图、可量测实景影像这三种数字测绘新产品，主动开展研究与应用，有力促进了测绘服务转型升级。

　　近几年来，宁波市测绘设计研究院在完成年度基础测绘任务前提下，建立了全市多源、多尺度、多时态的城市空间数据体系。利用其中的三维数据库制作了三维数字地图，实施三维竣工测量，并以此实时动态更新三维数据库，推进了数字规划项目的实施。服务中他们将规划设计方案坐标和三维仿真模型叠加，通过计算机辅助，完成了宁波市多个重点规划区虚拟动态景观制作，实现了三维动态仿真显示。三维数字地图在规划方案评审中，体现了规划布局、容积率、采光率等规划要素一目了然的优点。针对实践中发现该产品的弱点，他们将三维仿真模型按平行投影变换后，叠加在航摄数字真彩色正射影像上，实施了数字侧视地图（俗称2.5维地图）制作。在完成宁波市中心城区侧视地图制作后，将其在宁波市电子地图服务网上运行，实际效果很好，体现了坐标准确、地物大小比例尺不变、色彩真实逼真的特点。宁波市公安、交通、城管等政府部门和社会用户看到上述产品后，纷纷要求制作专题项目。在项目接洽中，宁波市测绘设计研究院发现用户对三维地物细部要求高，用三维数字地图和数字侧视地图还不能满足需求。他们通过研究，找到了可量测实景影像制作的方法，解决了难题。

　　目前，该院正进一步探索研究以上三种数字测绘新产品与原有4D测绘产品之间的关系，贴近实际，解决有关技术问题，更好地为服务用户。

With the rapid economic development, Ningbo City, all walks of life surge in demand for surveying and mapping products, the original mapping 4D products have been unable to meet the demand. Mapping Design and Research Institute, Ningbo City, the scientific development concept as a guide, change the mode to speed up development of mapping, targeting three-dimensional digital maps, digital side-view maps, can be measured Virtual Imaging digital mapping of these three new products to take the initiative to conduct research and application of a strong promotion of the surveying and mapping services, restructuring and upgrading.

In recent years, Ningbo City, Design Institute of Surveying and Mapping Surveying and Mapping on an annual basis at the completion of the task under the premise of the city established a multi-source, multi-scale, multi-temporal spatial data system for the city-state. The use of three-dimensional database, which produced three-dimensional digital map, completed the implementation of three-dimensional measurements, and thus dynamically updated real-time three-dimensional database, to promote the implementation of the digital planning projects. Service, they will coordinate planning and design programs and three-dimensional simulation model superposition, through computer-assisted, completed in the key planning area, Ningbo City, a virtual dynamic visual production, achieved a three-dimensional dynamic simulation shows. Three-dimensional digital maps in the planning of program evaluation, the embodiment of the layout, floor area ratio, lighting and other planning elements of the rate of clear advantages. Against the practice, the weaknesses found in the product, they will three-dimensional simulation model for transformation by parallel projection, superimposed on the digital true color aerial orthophotos, the implementation of the digital side-view maps (commonly known as 2.5-D maps) production. Upon completion of Ningbo downtown side view map production, will be in Ningbo City, E-map service online operation, the actual results very well reflects the exact coordinates, the feature size of the scale the same, the true colors lifelike characteristics. Ningbo City, public security, transportation, urban management and other government departments and community users to see these products, have demanded that production of thematic projects. Approached in the project, the Design Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Ningbo City, found that users with high requirements on the three-dimensional features in detail, using three-dimensional digital maps and digital side-view maps can not meet the demand. Them through research, found measurable Virtual video production solutions to the problem.


At present, the hospital is further exploration and study of new products for more than three kinds of digital mapping products with the original 4D mapping the relationship between the close to reality, to solve the technical problems, and provide better services to customers.