作者:宁静慧
金秋十月，记者如约来到国家测绘局老局长李曦沐家访问。每次见到这位慈眉善目的老局长，我都不由地想起那首脍炙人口的歌曲《革命人永远是年轻》。已经87岁高龄的老局长精神矍铄，思维敏捷，谈起他到国家测绘局后的工作如数家珍。
1982年，李曦沐担任国家测绘总局局长，1983年担任国家测绘局顾问直至1989年底离休。
李曦沐说，他对测绘是外行，是中央国家机关进行机构改革时从国家建委来到国家测绘总局的。当时的领导班子，除他以外，还有洪枫、刘丕、王增藩三位副局长和陈俊勇总工程师，共五人。在他主持工作的一年中，领导班子团结一致，承袭原有的工作基础，在中央改革开放方针政策的指引下，大家齐心协力，办了许多事。其中比较重要值得提起的主要有如下几点：
第一，采取民主推荐的办法进行人事安排。当时局里是两级管理。局里给机关全体干部发票，动员大家写出自己推荐的处室负责人名单。大家填写得很认真，局领导班子按多数人的意见对各处室的负责人作了安排，还选派了两位同志去测绘科学研究所和地图出版社担任主要领导职务，对个别票数太少的原处级干部则另行安排了工作。大家对结果比较满意。这种做法当时还不多见，曾得到国家建委主任韩光同志的赞许。
第二，经过努力争取，保留了国家局的建制。局机关的人事做好安排以后，李曦沐去东北三省进行调研，回来后部里通知他说，国务院来文将国家测绘总局改为城乡建设环境保护部测绘局。这就意味着将领导和管理全国测绘工作的国家测绘总局变成了部内的一个职能局，在各省都已建有省测绘局，测绘系统已有了生产、教育、科研、出版等比较完整的组织体系的情况下，这样一改很难实现对全国测绘事业的领导和管理，工作将遇到极大的困难。当时的城乡建设环境保护部部长李锡铭也很同意这个看法，当即领李曦沐去找了国务院秘书长，申述不宜改变的理由，但立即被驳回。于是李曦沐又经由一位老同志介绍找到中央编制委员会主任，详细说明情况，申述理由。经过他们的工作，最终国务院从工作需要考虑，保留了国家测绘总局的建制，1982年9月改称国家测绘局，仍担负原有职责和工作任务。李曦沐说，这一波折的解决很重要，否则，上下对口，省局也会撤消改制，测绘事业的发展将极其困难，萎缩将很难避免。因为当时知道这件事情的人不多，问题又很快得到解决，因此他很少提及，今天回顾过去，才讲了这个过程。
第三，酝酿提出了测绘系统体制改革的方针。针对测绘系统如何适应改革开放的形势，局领导班子经过调研讨论，并注意总结汲取一些基层单位的实践经验，对过去体制的弊端有了明确的认识，对于改革的必要性和改革的方向也有了一致的看法。经过酝酿，提出了测绘系统要实现三个转变，即：从长期只注意本系统的纵向管理转向加强行业管理；从长期偏重具体生产业务的微观管理转向加强宏观管理；从长期完全依靠事业费开支，在分配上吃“大锅饭”，转向扩大服务领域、推行经济责任制，把生产单位从单纯生产型转为生产经营型，增强自我改造、自我发展的能力。这个指导思想的提出，为全系统的改革明确了方向，推动了改革的进展。
第四，未雨绸缪，及早谋划接班梯队的建设。李曦沐说，当时他考虑到自己已届花甲之年，转年就将退出一线，原来二把手洪枫同志也已经接近退休年龄，因此必须有一个接班的梯队，吸收优秀的年轻干部参加，做到后继有人。经与前任老局长王大钧同志商议，他很赞成这个想法，并推荐了一位年轻同志。经征求这位同志所在单位党政领导的意见，都说好。于是把这位同志调到局里，先在综合部门工作，以便熟悉全局。后来他果然担起了掌握全局的重任，在前任工作的基础上，求真务实，开拓进取，对测绘事业的发展作出了重要贡献。
第五，决定了几个建设方面的具体问题。一是决定将四川测绘局的测绘队伍从绵阳迁回成都。在三线建设时期四川局的测绘队伍安排驻在绵阳，因地处偏僻，交通不便，对外业务联系、技术交流、职工子女教育等问题都不好解决，不易稳定职工特别是技术人员队伍，因此四川局要求将在绵阳的队伍搬迁回成都。李曦沐征求分管生产业务工作到四川局做过调查并去过绵阳的洪枫副局长的意见，他认为川局所提问题都是事实，应该把绵阳的队伍迁回成都。局领导班子都赞成这个意见，并得到李锡铭部长的支持，于是同意了四川局的请示，拨给一定的经费支持，在川局领导班子特别是局长刘和地的积极努力下，很好地完成了搬迁任务。二是决定为长期艰苦奋斗的测绘职工建立一处休养的场所。当时北戴河已不允许进入，经河北省测绘局局长朱林克帮助交涉，以相当的代价，从河北省政府北戴河东山宾馆拨出一块地，建了国家测绘局北戴河休养院。三是用上届领导班子申请到的一笔经费，在车道沟建了一处职工宿舍。李曦沐说，上面几件事，只能说是他主持工作时和大家共同商议决定的，几项建设任务的完成则都是后来者努力的结果。
第六，管理地名工作。原来王大钧同志任中国地名委员会主任，中国地名委员会办公室由国家测绘局代管，王大钧卸任后，由建设部部长叶如棠接任，李曦沐任常务副主任，负责管理地名的日常工作。中国地名委员会此前从1979年开始组织开展了全国地名普查，收到了很大的效果，大体上摸清了地名的情况和存在的问题，基本上消除了一地多名、一名多地、地名命名违反政策等混乱现象，初步实现了地名的标准化。在对大陆地名进行普查清理的同时，还对沿海岛礁地名进行了普查。特别是广东省对南海诸岛的地名进行了普查和标准化处理，1982年中国地名委员会组织有关部门和专家对其结果审定，报国务院批准，确定了南海287个岛礁的标准名称，由新华社对外公布，再次宣示了我国的主权。越南虽有鼓噪，我未予置理。
第七，编辑《当代中国的测绘事业》。当时中央决定编辑出版《当代中国丛书》，《当代中国的测绘事业》是其中的一部。建设部把此书的编辑任务交给国家测绘局，指定由李曦沐任主编。考虑到当代中国的测绘工作是由国家测绘总局、总参测绘局和各部委测绘部门共同完成的，所以由两局共同组成编委会和编辑部，由两局老新领导李廷赞、刘良、喻沧、张国威任副主编。两局和其他部门的同志团结合作，齐心协力，历时四年完成了编辑任务。
李曦沐一再强调，自己任职时间短，做的工作有限，上述这些工作都是领导班子共同承担的，不少事情是在几届领导班子领导下共同完成的，成绩是大家一起努力的成果。他特别对于和他共事的好同志副局长洪枫同志积劳成疾，在任内逝世，感到十分遗憾和惋惜。
在谈到新中国成立60年来特别是近些年测绘工作的成就时，李曦沐非常高兴地说：自己虽然离职已久，很多具体情况不了解，但从总体和大局上看，这些年测绘事业确实变化很大。一是测绘技术实现了历史性的跨越，从传统的测绘技术体系转变到数字化的测绘技术体系，使测绘这个技术性很强的工作发生了质的飞跃，这是很大的成绩。二是测绘事业实现了法制化管理，建立了以《中华人民共和国测绘法 》为核心的测绘法律法规体系，测绘管理取得了很大的进步。三是测绘管理体系得到延伸。从前只是管到省，后来发展到地市，测绘法修订后延伸到县，形成了比较完整的测绘管理体系，测绘管理有了比较完善的组织保障。四是测绘的社会影响空前扩大。过去测绘是埋头苦干默默无闻，“走在龙头，排在龙尾”，这些年经过对国测一大队和刘先林的先进事迹、珠峰测量，以及测绘在南极科考、抗震救灾、抗洪救灾中发挥作用等事迹的宣传，测绘已广为人知，测绘的影响越来越大，我国测绘的国际地位也有明显提高。以上几大变化都是他以后几届领导班子和全系统职工共同努力的结果，令人振奋。测绘报也起了很好的作用，功不可没。
李曦沐深有感情地说，自己虽然在测绘局工作时间不长，但是一生工作的最后一站落脚到测绘局，转眼已是27年。在此期间，和测绘系统的同志结下了工作缘，结下了文字缘，结下了友谊。同测绘系统的同志相处，感到测绘人很朴实，很敬业，很能吃苦，很热爱自己的事业，有的老测绘是父一辈、子一辈地从事这项工作，很令人感动。“热爱祖国，忠诚事业，艰苦奋斗，无私奉献”这几句话确实很真切地概括了测绘精神。愿我国的测绘工作者永远坚持和发扬这种非常可贵的精神，不断取得新的更大的成就！
Autumn in October, journalists say about the old Secretary to the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Li Xi Mu-home visit. Every time I see the benign countenance of the old Secretary, I do not remember it from the ground and the first popular song "Revolution Are Forever Young." 87-year-old veteran has been the Secretary for hale and hearty, quick-witted, and talked about him to the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping work after the backs of their hands.
In 1982, Li Xi Mu as the Secretary for the National Mapping Bureau, National Mapping Agency in 1983 as a consultant until the end of 1989, retired.
Li Xi Mu said he was surveying and mapping is an outsider, is the central state organs carry out institutional reform came from the State Construction Commission, the State General Administration of Surveying and Mapping. Leadership at that time, in addition to his, there HONG Feng, Liu Pi, Wang Zeng-fan Chen Junyong three Deputy Secretaries and Chief Engineer, a total of five persons. In his work over the year, the leadership to unite, inherited the original basis for the work in the central policies of reform and opening up under the guidance of a concerted effort to do a lot of things. Worth mentioning the more important of which are mainly the following:
First, take the recommended approach to democracy and personnel arrangement. At that time the bureau is a two-level management. The bureau to the organs of all cadres and invoices, to mobilize people to write their own list of recommended reinforced Division is responsible for. We fill a very serious, the Council leadership by the majority opinion of investors from Taiwan who was in charge of the arrangements, but also selected the two comrades to the Institute of Surveying and Mapping and the Cartographic Publishing House as a key leadership positions, too few votes for individual The original section-level cadres are separate arrangements for the work. Everyone satisfied with the results. This approach is also unusual at that time had been director of the State Construction Commission, Han comrades praise.
Second, after striving to retain the National Bureau of establishment. Bureau personnel authorities to make arrangements later, Li Xi Mu to the three northeastern provinces to conduct research, to return back inside informed him that the State Council, the communication will be replaced by the State Administration of Surveying and Mapping Surveying and Mapping Bureau of the Department of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection. This means that mapping will lead and manage the work of the National Administration of national mapping into one of the functions within the Ministry of Council have been built in the provinces Provincial Mapping Bureau, the mapping system has been in production, education, research, and publishing a relatively complete of the organizational system of the cases, such a change is difficult to achieve the cause of the nation's leadership and management of surveying and mapping work will encounter great difficulties. The then Department of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection Minister Li Ximing is also very much agree with this view, Li Xi, Mu-collar immediately went to the State Council Secretary-General, representations should not be reasons for the changes, but immediately dismissed. So Li Xi Mu also be found by an old comrade, director of the Central Establishment Committee detailing the circumstances, be heard. Through their work, ultimately the State Council from the work need to be considered to retain the National Mapping Bureau formed, in September 1982 was renamed the National Mapping Agency, continue to carry the original functions and tasks. Li Xi Mu said that the twists and turns in the solution is very important, otherwise, from top to bottom correspond to provincial bureaus will undo a change, the development of surveying and mapping will be extremely difficult, it will be difficult to avoid shrinkage. Because at that time know that this thing not many people, the problem will be resolved quickly, so he rarely mentioned today, the past, only talked about this process.
Third, the mooted proposals for reform of the mapping system approach. Mapping system for how to adapt to the situation of reform and opening up, the Council leadership through research discussion and draw attention to summing up the practice of some grass-roots experience, the shortcomings of the past system, with a clear understanding of the need for reform and the direction of reform has also been consensus. After brewing, the proposed mapping system to achieve the three changes, namely: from a long-term pay attention only to the system of vertical management to enhance industry management; from a long-term emphasis on the specific manufacturing operations to strengthen the micro-management to macro management; from a long-term operating expenses entirely on spending , in the distribution of eating "iron rice bowl" to expanding service sector, the implementation of the economic responsibility system, the production units from purely production-based to production and management, enhanced self-transformation and self-development ability. The guiding ideology of the proposed system-wide reform of clear direction and promoting the progress of reform.
Fourth, plan ahead for early succession planning the construction of Echelon. Li Xi Mu said that he was taking into account that they have his sixtieth session of the year, the rollover will be out of line, the original second in command HONG Feng comrades also are close to retirement age, so there must be a succession of echelon, absorption of outstanding young cadres to participate in, so that footsteps. Former Secretary Wang Dajun with old comrades deliberations, he was in favor of this idea, and recommended a young comrade. After consultation with the comrades of the leadership of the unit where the views of party and government, they said good. So when he transferred to the bureau comrade, first in integrated sector to become familiar with the overall situation. Later, he turned to take up the important task of mastering the overall situation, based on the work of his predecessor, pragmatic and pioneering spirit, to the development of surveying and mapping has made important contributions.
Fifth, determine the number of building specific issues. The first decision to Sichuan Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Surveying and Mapping team to move back from Mianyang, Chengdu. In the three-line construction period of the arrangements of Sichuan Bureau of Surveying and Mapping team based in Mianyang, the area was remote, inconvenient transportation, foreign business contacts, technical exchanges, trade unions and other children's education problems are not well resolved, not easy to stabilize the ranks of employees, especially technical personnel, therefore, Sichuan Board requested that the team will move back to Chengdu, Mianyang. Li Xi Mu-seek in charge of production operations to Sichuan Bureau conducted a survey and went to Mianyang HONG Feng, deputy director of the opinion, he considered that the issues raised are the Sichuan Bureau of the fact that the team should move back to Chengdu, Mianyang. Bureau of leadership are in favor of this view, and get the support of the Minister Li Ximing, it was agreed to consult the Sichuan Bureau allocated to a certain degree of financial support, in the Sichuan Bureau of leadership in particular, Mrs Lau and ground the positive efforts of the good completion of the relocation task. Second, is to determine the long-term hard work of surveying and mapping staff to establish a place for rest. At that time had been allowed to enter the Beidaihe, Hebei Province Survey and Mapping by the Secretary for Zhu Link to help intervene with a considerable cost, from the Government of Beidaihe, Hebei Dongshan Hotel set aside a piece of land, built a national mapping agency Beidaihe resort homes. The third is to apply the previous leadership to the sum of funding, Che Daogou built an employee dormitory. Li Xi Mu said that the top few things, can only say that he presided over the work, and everyone to discuss the decision, several construction tasks were all in their efforts to later results.
Sixth, the management of work place names. The original appointment of Comrade Wang Dajun, director of China's Geographical Names Committee, China Committee for Geographical Names Office hosted by the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, Wang Dajun, after retiring from the Minister of Construction Ye Rutang successor, Li Xi Mu as executive deputy director, responsible for managing the names of the daily work. Chinese Geographical Names Board had since 1979, has embarked on a nationwide survey of geographical names received a great deal of effect, largely to find out the names of the situation and existing problems, and basically eliminates more than one place, more than one, the names Naming violation of policy confusion, initially achieved the standardization of geographical names. In mainland China, while clean-up names census, also conducted a survey of coastal reefs names. Particularly in Guangdong Province of the South China Sea islands to conduct a census of names and standardized treatment, in 1982 China Board on Geographic Names organize relevant departments and experts from the results of its examination by the State Council approved the South China Sea 287 reefs to determine the standard name, from the Xinhua News Agency announced, once again declare our sovereignty. Although the uproar in Vietnam, I have not been home grounds.
Seventh, the editor of "Contemporary China's surveying and mapping industry." Central Committee has decided at that time edited and published "Contemporary China Series", "Contemporary China's surveying and mapping business" is one of the 1. Ministry of Construction to the task of compiling this book to the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, designated by Mu-Ren Li Xi, editor. Taking into account the survey and mapping work in contemporary China by the National Mapping Bureau, the General Staff Department Survey and Mapping Bureau and the various ministries mapping departments have completed, so by the two Councils together constitute the Editorial Board and the editorial by two Bureau of old and new leader Lee Jeong-chan, Liu Liang , Yu-Cang, Zhang Guowei deputy editor. Bureau and other departments of the two comrades of unity and cooperation, work took four years to complete the editing tasks.
Li Xi Mu has repeatedly stressed that he served a short time to do the work is limited, the above-mentioned work is leadership shared, and many things in common, under the leadership of successive leadership to complete, the results are working hard for results. In particular, he worked for and his good comrades comrades falling sick from overwork HONG Feng, deputy director, died in office, I feel very sorry and regret.
On the founding of new China in recent 60 years, especially the work of surveying and mapping achievements, Li Xi Mu is very pleased to say that: It had been left a long time, many do not know the specific circumstances, but in general, and the overall point of view, all these years is indeed the cause of Surveying and Mapping changed greatly. The first mapping technology to achieve a historic leap from the traditional surveying and mapping technology systems transition to digital mapping technology system, so that mapping of this highly technical work has undergone a qualitative leap, which is a great achievement. Second, mapping the cause of management to achieve the rule of law, established the "Surveying and Mapping Law of The People's Republic of China" as the core surveying and mapping laws and regulations, survey and mapping administration has made great progress. Third, surveying and mapping management system has been extended. Previously only possession to the provinces, and later developed into cities, Surveying and Mapping Act was amended to extend to the county, forming a fairly complete mapping management system, mapping management has a relatively complete organizational guarantee. Fourth, the social impact of an unprecedented expansion of Surveying and Mapping. Surveying and mapping are working very hard over the last unknown, "walking in the lead, came in Lung Mei," After all these years-to-state measurements, and Xian-Lin Liu a brigade advanced deeds Everest measurements, as well as surveying and mapping in the Antarctic expedition, earthquake disaster relief, flood relief in the the role played by deeds of publicity, mapping is well known, the increasing influence of surveying and mapping, surveying and mapping in China's international status has improved significantly. Several major changes in the above are his leadership after the sessions and system-wide result of joint efforts of workers and exciting. Mapping also reportedly very good and unforgettable role.
Li Xi Mu deeply emotional to say that although her working hours in the Survey and Mapping Bureau is not long, but the last stop of working life and settled into the Surveying and Mapping Bureau, the twinkling of an eye is 27 years. During this period, and the mapping system comrades formed a working edge, and formed a word edge, and formed a friendship. Mapping system to get along with the comrades, who felt that mapping is very simple, very dedicated, very able to endure hardship, be passionate about their careers, some of the old mapping is the father of a generation, the child engaged in this work a generation, it is very impressive. "Love the motherland, loyalty to the cause of hard work, selfless dedication," This is indeed very true words summed up the spirit of the surveying and mapping. China's surveying and mapping workers always willing to uphold and carry forward the spirit of this very valuable and continue to achieve new and greater achievements!
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