作者：许泳 吴玉征

比起“智慧城市”的热闹喧嚣来，国家测绘局近几年推动的“数字城市”建设似乎显得有点默默无闻，但50多个城市的参与、今后每年80～120个城市的增长量，实实在在地证明了数字城市建设已经步入中局。

今年7月，国土资源部副部长、国家测绘局局长徐德明将第一块“全国数字城市建设示范市”的铭牌授予太原市，这标志着“数字城市”的试点工作开始走入深层次的推广应用当中。“数字太原”地理信息公共平台和“影像太原”公共服务网站已经正式开通启用，太原市成为国家测绘局组织验收的第一批试点中的第一个城市。

国家测绘局近几年推动的数字城市建设的侧重点在于打造基础的、统一的、权威的城市地理空间框架，实现地理信息资源的统筹开发与利用，从源头上解决重复投入、重复建设的问题，降低了信息资源的建设和使用成本。比起智慧城市来，数字城市更偏重于整个城市基础地理信息系统的建设，而智慧城市侧重于上层应用的协同和整合。

三个转变

在2007年，本报采访胥燕婴（当时他是国家测绘局国土测绘司司长，现任国家测绘局总工程师）时，数字城市的建设正处于试点阶段，当时据他介绍，全国已开展了30个数字城市地理空间框架试点建设工程，且各个城市的应用侧重点都有所不同，以两个试点应用为龙头，根据自身的城市特点进行建设。时隔两年，数字城市的试点建设进行得怎样呢？当记者再次走进胥燕婴的办公室，谈起数字城市的话题时，他欣喜地说:“目前数字城市建设已经进入到全面推广阶段，已有24个省、自治区、直辖市的53个城市参加了试点与推广工作，今后还将以每年几十个城市的速度递增。”

回想起两年前，大家都还对数字城市的概念比较陌生，也不知道该怎样落地，加上这项工作需要由各省、市政府推进，由业主单位建设和维护，才能做到上下贯通，带动城市良性发展，因此国家测绘局的主要工作是抓数字城市试点和典型示范。经过两年的推动和部分示范城市立竿见影成效的感染，现在这项工作已发生了转变。它体现在三个方面: 一是申请建设数字城市的地方多了起来，在态度上由被动变为主动; 二是从应用方面来讲，更多的城市具备了整体推进数字城市建设的条件，该平台在应急指挥、电子政务、公共安全、城市规划、市政建设、公安警用、工商管理、精细农业、环境监测、地产开发、电子商务、数字房产、土地管理、数字医疗、电子警务、电子社区等应用越来越多，各类信息化内容逐步以地理空间信息作为基础实现了大集成; 三是在一些发达城市的带动下，很多信息化进程快的二级城市甚至三级城市的热情高涨，也开始积极申请建设数字城市。

“之所以出现这样的转变，是因为数字城市真正走向了应用阶段。各城市在建设中离不开数字城市地理空间框架，这些都是由行业应用需求激发出来的。”胥燕婴说，如果要总结那些成功的数字城市的建设经验的话，那么最主要的一点就是各个城市的一把手高度重视，大部分由市领导挂帅亲自抓数字城市建设; 有些城市甚至成立了专门的部门，挂靠在市政府办公厅下，协调各项资源。

现在数字城市的主要工作重点是建设统一的基础地理信息公共服务平台，开发典型应用示范项目。以太原市为例，新建成的数字太原地理信息公共平台，把全市多部门、多行业的信息和数据进行有效整合和开发应用，为全市各政府部门、企事业单位及市民提供全新的、开放的、交互的地理信息服务平台，太原市要求各相关部门要按照《政府信息公开条例》的要求进行网上公开，与地理信息相关的内容都应在数字太原地理信息公共平台上发布，真正做到全市电子政务“一张图”管理。为有效地应用数字城市的建设成果，节约政府资金，太原市规定，今后凡使用基础地理信息数据的财政投入项目，必须使用数字太原建设成果，否则不予立项。如此一来，数字城市将扩大应用范围，走入实践当中。

扩内需 重服务

2008年，国家测绘局贯彻中央关于扩大内需的有关精神，出台了《关于为国家扩大内需促进经济增长做好测绘保障服务的若干意见》（国测办字[2008]11号），意见中明确提出“要在认真总结数字城市建设示范工程经验的基础上，择优遴选一批地级市加快推广，在此基础上进一步扩大推广范围，加大推广力度”的要求。

据胥燕婴介绍，目前国家测绘局每年投入上千万、地方配套好几亿元来建设数字城市，可谓真枪实战、扎扎实实地在推进。经国家测绘局核准后列入“数字城市地理空间框架建设与应用”推广计划的城市，在城市影像获取、国家基础测绘成果使用、公共平台建设的技术指导等方面获得国家和省测绘主管部门的支持，这些城市需要具备的条件是: 认识明确、需求迫切、态度积极、经费落实。

数字城市建设在扩大内需、促进经济增长方面的带动作用也很明显。据不完全统计，通过实施项目，国家投入航空摄影和技术支持经费5000余万元，目前已带动各地在基础地理信息数据生产、高新技术设备配置及应用系统建设等方面投入约7亿元。如此计算，数字城市将带动整个行业的建设，投资之大、周期之长、涉及范围之广，这在信息化建设中也是不多见的。

下一步，数字城市的建设重点是推动建设成果的社会化应用，依据国家测绘局有关规定，对相关成果进行处理和审查，经相应测绘行政主管部门审核批准后，将数字城市地理空间框架的建设成果以网络化服务形式向社会公众提供。

尽管类似于数字太原这样的项目已经得到验收，但数字城市项目成果的推广应用，尤其是地理信息公共平台的完善和应用才刚刚开始，深入的应用还需要创造性地发掘，要不断创新地理信息公共平台应用形式，在更广泛的领域充分发挥作用。

Compared to "smart city" buzz, the national mapping agency in recent years to promote the "digital city" construction seems a bit obscure, but the participation of more than 50 cities in the next 80 to 120 per year growth rate in the city is really really In the proof of a digital city construction has entered the middle game.

This year in July, Vice-Minister of Land and Resources, the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Secretary TSUI Tak Ming the first one "National Digital City Construction Model City" plaque awarded Taiyuan, which marks the "digital city" into the pilot work began to promote in-depth Application of these. "Digital Taiyuan" Geographic Information common platform and the "image Taiyuan" public services website has officially launched the opening of Surveying and Mapping Bureau of Taiyuan City, a national acceptance of the first pilot of the first city.

The State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping the Digital City in recent years to promote the construction of the basis of the focus is to build a unified, authoritative spatial framework of urban geography, geographic information resources to achieve co-ordinating the development and use of inputs from the source to resolve repeated, repeated construction problems , reducing the construction and use of information resources costs. Compared to the wisdom of cities, the digital city will be more on the entire urban infrastructure of geographic information systems, the city focused on the upper and wise application of the synergy and integration.

Three changes

In 2007, Dong-A Ilbo Xu Yan Ying (he was then the National Mapping Bureau of Land Surveying & Mapping Division, the incumbent chief engineer of the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping), the number of city construction in its pilot phase, when according to him, the country has carried out 30 geo-spatial framework of the pilot digital city construction projects, and the application of each city has its own distinct focus to the two pilot applications as a leader, according to its own construction of urban characteristics. Two years later, the pilot construction of digital cities conducted what? When a reporter walked into Xuyan infant's office again, you talk about the topic of Digital City, he happily said: "At present, construction of digital cities have entered into a comprehensive promotion phase, has 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, 53 cities participated in the pilot and promotional efforts in the future will be an annual increase rate of dozens of cities. "

Looking back two years ago, we all also relatively familiar with the concept of Digital City do not know how to fall, coupled with the work required by the provincial and municipal governments to promote, construction and maintenance of units by the owner, can be run through from top to bottom, promote the sound development of cities, the national mapping agency's main task is to grasp the pilot and typical digital city model. After two years of promotion and part of the immediate effectiveness of the infection model city, and now this work has been a shift. It is embodied in three aspects: First, apply for Construction of Digital City's local multi-up, in attitude from passive into active; second is from the application side, more cities with the overall condition of promoting the construction of digital cities, The emergency command platform, e-government, public safety, urban planning, municipal construction, public security police, business management, precision agriculture, environmental monitoring, real estate development, e-commerce, digital property, land management, digital health, e-police, e-community applications such as more and more types of information content to gradually achieve the geo-spatial information as a basis for a large integration; Third, in some developed cities, driven by the process of a lot of information quickly two or three cities in the city enthusiasm has begun to actively apply for the building of Digital City.

"The emergence of such a change because the number of cities actually went to the application stage. Inseparable from each city in construction, geo-spatial framework for Digital City, which are inspired by the needs of industrial applications out." Xu Yan Ying said that if to sum up the successful experience in building digital cities, then the most important point is that all the city's top leaders attach great importance to the majority of the municipal leaders personally take command of digital city construction; Some cities have set up a special department, anchored to the municipal government office Under the coordination of resources.

Digital City is now the main focus is to build a unified public service platform for basic geographic information, developing a typical application demonstration projects. In Taiyuan, for example, the number of newly built public platform for geographic information in Taiyuan, the city's multi-sectoral, multi-industry, information and data to effectively integrate and develop applications for the city's various government departments, enterprises and the public to provide new, an open, interactive geographic information service platform, Taiyuan asked the relevant departments must follow the "Regulations on Open Government Information" requirements on-line open, and geographic information-related content should be in a digital geographic information Taiyuan posted on the public platform, and really do to the city's e-government, "a map" management. For the effective application of the outcome of the construction of digital cities, saving the government money, Taiyuan provides basic geographic information in the future where the use of financial input data item, you must use the digital Taiyuan-building outcomes, otherwise, no project. In this way, Digital City will expand the scope of application into practice,.

Re-expansion of domestic demand service

In 2008, the National Surveying and Mapping Bureau of the Central Committee with the spirit of expanding domestic demand, introduced the "With regard to the promotion of economic growth by expanding domestic demand security services do a good job surveying and mapping a number of opinions" (State Office of the word test [2008] No. 11), the opinion clearly that "the number should conscientiously sum up the experience of urban construction demonstration project on the basis of merit-based selection of a number of prefecture-level city, accelerate the promotion, on this basis to further expand outreach and increase promotional efforts" requirements.

According to Xu Yan Ying, at present the national mapping agency tens of millions each year for the local matching few hundred million dollars to build digital cities can be described as genuine real, solid in advance. Upon approval by the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping to include the "digital city construction and application of geo-spatial framework of the Campaign" city in the city image acquisition, the use of national basic surveying and mapping results, the public platform, technical guidance and other aspects of the construction of access to national and provincial departments in charge of surveying and mapping support, these cities need to have the conditions: a clear understanding of the demand urgent, positive attitude and funding to implement.

Digital City Construction in expanding domestic demand and promoting economic growth of the leading role is obvious. According to incomplete statistics, through the implementation of the project, the state has invested funding for aerial photography and technical support to more than 5,000 million yuan, is now driving in the basic geographic information and data throughout the production and hi-tech equipment configuration and application system construction to invest about 700 million yuan. This basis, the number of cities will lead the entire industry, construction, investment in large, the cycle length of the wide scope, which is also in the information construction in rare.

Next, focus on the construction of digital cities is to promote the building of the outcome of the application of socialization, according to the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping the relevant provisions of the relevant results of the processing and review by the appropriate department in charge of surveying and mapping administrative examination and approval, will be digital geo-spatial framework for the construction of urban the outcome of the form of web services available to the public.

Although similar to the number of such projects in Taiyuan has been acceptance, but the digital city project results to promote the application of geographic information in particular, the improvement of public platforms and applications is just beginning, in-depth applications also need to explore creative, innovative geographic information to the public platform application form, in the broader field of play its full role.