作者：梁振刚 王恩谊

为了庆祝中华人民共和国成立60周年，新疆第二测绘院编制完成了《沧桑巨变看今朝-乌鲁木齐市城区历史变迁》地图。该地图通过1941年《迪化市分区计划图》、1947年《迪化市街图》、1977《乌鲁木齐市街区图》及2009年《乌鲁木齐市街区图》四幅不同年代的乌鲁木齐城区图，真实地记录了该市城区的发展和变化。

　　乌鲁木齐城市的雏形产生于18世纪50年代，距今240多年。1884年清朝政府在新疆设省时乌鲁木齐被“钦定”为省会，起名“迪化”。乾隆二十三年(17 58年)在今南门外修筑一座土城，此为乌鲁木齐城池的雏形；之后至乾隆二十八年(1763年)，又将旧土城向北扩展。乾隆三十八年(1773年)乌鲁木齐改为迪化州知州，改乌鲁木齐参赞大臣为乌鲁木齐都统。

　　光绪十年(1884年)，清廷决定设立甘肃新疆省，定迪化为省会。从此迪化成为新疆的政治中心。民国34年(1945年)11月1日，迪化正式设市并成立市政府。

　　1949年9月25日，新疆和平解放，12月17日，迪化市人民政府成立。重新划分建立7个区，54个街公所。在郊区建立农民协会，并在土地改革的基础上成立3个乡，至此，城乡各级人民政府初步建立。1954年2月1日，迪化正式恢复使用原名——乌鲁木齐。

　　乌鲁木齐的城市建设受到行政区划的限制，进展缓慢。2001年以来，将近郊的大湾乡、二工乡、七道湾乡、地窝堡乡，分别划入天山区、沙依巴克区、水磨沟区、新市区；将南山矿区和达坂城合并设立达坂城区。2007年国务院又将昌吉州的米泉市并入乌鲁木齐的东山区为米东区。乌鲁木齐市域面积扩为14216平方千米。大城市小郊区的情况有所改变。

　　改革开放三十年以来，各民族之间和睦相处，共同努力，共建美好的家园。乌鲁木齐的各项事业发生了翻天覆地的变化。交通道路建设也有了极大改善。目前的疆外铁路与十几个主要省会城市相连，疆内的南北疆铁路也在加紧延伸建设。公路交通更是四通八达，以省会城市乌鲁木齐向各地州辐射的均为高等级公路，形成了笔直宽阔的二环四射的道路交通新格局；特别是近几年，实施街巷路和老旧小区道路改造工程，市民居住和出行环境以及城市的基础建设得到了根本改善。如今的乌鲁木齐已跻身全国大中城市的行列。

　　该图的幅面设计为大对开版，首次印刷10000张。地图特点是：1941年《迪化市分区计划图》是在八年抗战时期，由当时制图人员手工绘制的，地图十分珍贵；而2009年《乌鲁木齐市街区图》是一幅史无前例的、最新、最大的乌鲁木齐市城区图，对比中更加直观显现出乌鲁木齐城市建设的日新月异。为满足读者的需要，设计人员在编制过程中采取对中心区以外进行分级变形的地图变形制图方法，解决了图面城区扩大市中心区域过小的问题，使以前无法表示的区域尽量地囊括在本图中。地图还通过选配了一部分代表乌鲁木齐市标志性的新、老照片进行对比，真实地反映了乌鲁木齐在建国六十年以来的成长、发展和变化。

　　8月25日，该院隆重举行了《沧桑巨变看今朝——乌鲁木齐市城区历史变迁》地图首发仪式，来自区内多家媒体的记者对这一新闻进行了全面采访报道，引起了各级领导和社会各界的广泛关注，为测绘事业的发展营造了良好的舆论氛围。

To celebrate the 60th anniversary of The People's Republic of China, Xinjiang, Surveying and Mapping Institute compiled the second to complete the "profound changes to see at the present - historical changes in Urumqi City" map. The map adopted in 1941, "Dihua city zoning plan," 1947 "Dihua Street Map", 1977, "Urumqi City street map" and in 2009, "Urumqi City street map" four different times of the Urumqi city map, a true Records of the city's urban development and changes.

Urumqi city in the 18th century produced a prototype 50 years, 240 years ago. In 1884 the Qing government set up in Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, when you are "King James" as the provincial capital, named "Dihua." Qianlong twenty-three years (in 1758) in the construction of a Tucheng today outside the South, this is the embryonic form of Urumqi fortresses; twenty-eight years later and Qianlong (1763), in turn northward expansion of the old Tucheng. Qianlong thirty-eight years (1773) Urumqi, the state changed to Dihua known state, changed all of Urumqi Urumqi Shenzandachen integration.


Guangxu decade (1884), the Qing court decided to set up Xinjiang, Gansu, will be Dihua is the capital. Dihua from the political center of Xinjiang. In 34 years (1945) November 1, Dihua formally established as a city and set up a municipal government.


September 25, 1949, Xinjiang was peacefully liberated, 12 17, Dihua Municipal People's Government set up. Re-division of the establishment of seven areas, 54 Hall Street. The establishment of peasant associations in rural areas, and on the basis of land reform, the establishment of three townships, thus, the initial establishment of rural and urban people's governments at all levels. February 1, 1954, formally resumed the use of formerly Dihua - Urumqi.


Urumqi's urban construction by the administrative divisions of the restrictions, has been slow. Since 2001, the suburbs of the big Wan Xiang, two industrial townships, 7 Wan Xiang, ground nest BU Xiang, respectively, assigned to-day mountain Saybagh District, Shuimogou District, the new urban area; the Nanshan mine and set up the merger Dabancheng Dabancheng District. 2007 State of the State Council, in turn Changji Miquan into Dongshan District, Urumqi, Eastern District of meters. Urumqi City is an area of expansion for the 14216 square kilometers. Outskirts of large cities the situation of small change.


Since the reform and opening up three decades, among the various ethnic groups live in harmony and work together to build a beautiful homeland. Urumqi, the cause of earth-shaking changes have taken place. Transportation road construction has also been greatly improved. Jiang outside the current rail and 10 connected to several major capital cities, within the southern and northern Xinjiang Railway is also stepping up construction of an extension. Road traffic is easily accessible to the capital city of Urumqi, the state of radiation around the world to both high-grade highways, forming a straight broad Ring captivates her audiences a new pattern of road traffic; especially in recent years, the implementation of the road and the old residential streets the road reconstruction project, the public living and travel environment, as well as urban infrastructure have been fundamentally improved. Today, Urumqi has been among the ranks of large and medium cities.


The plan's format designed for large off version of the first printing 10000. Map features are: 1941, "Dihua city zoning plan" is the eight-year war period, by the then officer hand-drawn graphics, maps are very precious; and in 2009, "Urumqi City street map" is an unprecedented, the latest , the largest Urumqi City maps, a more intuitive comparison reveals rapid urban construction in Urumqi. In order to meet the needs of readers, designed to be taken in the preparation of the process of grading outside of the central area of the deformation map of deformation mapping method to solve the expansion of the city center surface area is too small problems so that areas that were previously unavailable as far as possible to include in this diagram. The map also by matching a portion of the representative symbol of Urumqi city, the new and old photos to compare a true reflection of Urumqi in the six decades since the founding of the growth, development and change.


August 25, the hospital held a "profound changes to see at the present - historical changes in Urumqi City" map starting ceremony, a number of media journalists from the region on this news in a comprehensive coverage given rise to leaders at all levels and the community's widespread concern for the development of surveying and mapping to create a good atmosphere for public opinion.